Minutes 01-28-92MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT WORKSHOP MEETING HELD
IN CONFERENCE ROOM "A", CITY HALL, BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA,
ON TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1992 AT 7:00 P. M.
PRESENT
Vernon Thompson, Chairman
James Miriana, Vice Chairman
Raymond Eney, Secretary
Andrew Haynes
Thomas Newton
Henrietta Solomon
Ben Uleck
ALTERNATES
Bradley Miller
Paul Slavin
Chris Cutro, Planning and
Zoning Director
James Cherof, City Attorney
Mike Haag, Zoning and Site
Development Administrator
CALL TO ORDER
The workshop commenced at 7:05 P. M. Mr. Cutro introduced, Mike
Haag and James Cherof, and explained the purpose of this
workshop.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN REVIEWING VARIANCES
Attorney Cherof said part of the reason for this meeting is that
over time the laws change and the Court's interpretation of the
law changes. There have been a number of recent Appellate Court
decisions that have significantly changed the method by which
quasi judicial boards must conduct their business. Recently,
there have been a string of Appellate Court opinions that
Attorney Cherof characterized as being pro property right
opinions. The concept is that if you own property, you have the
right to develop it and use it so long as it does not create a
health, safety, or welfare problem to your neighbors, or does not
encroach upon their right to use their p[operty. The health,
safety and welfare aspect of it is the City's Code of Ordinances.
He cited the case of Jenninqs vs. Dade County which involved a
rezoning, wherein an interference with the property right was
alleged, and that lobbying created a presumption of undue
influence. There is now an Appellate Court case that states mem-
bers of boards that sit in judgment, quasi judicial boards, can-
not permit themselves to be lobbied on issues that will come
before them for a vote. There is a very fine line as to what is
proper discussion and what is lobbying, so the rule that this
Board must follow is that items which are on the agenda or which
the Board anticipates having to vote on some day, should not be
discussed with people who want to give their perspective. The
reason for this is if an applicant does not obtain the relief
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he is seeking, he can go to the Circuit Court which sits as an
Appellate Court. The applicant has the right to take the record
from the Board of Adjustment proceeding and show it to the
Circuit Court judge. The record should clearly reflect
everything heard that influenced the Board's decision. If things
were heard before the meeting, off the record, there is a pre-
sumption that ithe property owner was prejudiced. The members
need to discourage any type of contact that people want to make
with them on items pending. If the Circuit Court hears argument
that somebody contacted one of the members before the meeting,
that case is coming back before the Board of Adjustment to be
and the property owner is probably going to be
awar ' fees and costs against the City.
Attorney Cherof said another Appellate Court case clearly says
that this kind of board, a Board of Adjustment, is a quasi judi-
cial board. This second case also says in reaching a deter-
mination, the Board may rely upon substantial and competent
evidence a position), but not on
oPinions somebody that just
"feels" that someth will not work correctly. A lot of work
and the burden now on the Planning Department and the City
administration to put a case in front of the Board. It is the
duty of City Jr to bring to the Board substantial and
competent witnesses.
In answer to a question posed by Ms. Solomon, Attorney Cherof
discouraged any member from going anywhere to look at any prop-
erty because the initial burden for the granting of the variance
is for the property owner to come forward and present to the
Board all the evidence it needs to make a decision. If there are
questions about a specific piece of property, the Board should
raise them during the meeting, on the record, to the Planning
Staff. The members should come into meetings without any precon-
ceived notation of what is right or wrong for that location.
Mr. Slavin asked if plans are presented to the Planning
Department prior to the Building Department. Attorney Cherof
said the Planners will not be the only ones supplying information
to the Board. There may be many cases where the Planner will
have somebody from the Building Department present to explain how
something progressed to get to the Board of Adjustment.
Vice Chairman Miriana asked if the Board must disregard the let-
ters received from residents. Attorney Cherof said the process
and even the Court opinions do not eliminate the fact that this
is a public hearing setting and that there are people whose prop-
erty rights are affected by what somebody does or does not want
to do. Those letters help the Board to focus on specific issues.
The Planning Staff is going to see those letters ahead of time
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and hopefully they are going to respond and give the Board the
information needed.
Chairman Thompson expressed concern that this Board will become
a rubber stamp for the Building Department and the Planning
Department. Attorney Cherof said this is not necessarily so.
The reason these cases are being decided this way is that the
Courts are tired of seeing boards that rubber stamp the adminis-
trative position on matters. This board is not part of the City
administration and may not agree with the philosophy that the
City administration follows. If the applicant does not meet
their burden, the Board has the right, without even hearing
anything further, to deny the application. It is only when the
applicant has proven each of the elements that the burden shifts
to the City to come back and provide additional information. The
City may be in favor of the applicant, however; a group of
homeowners may not, and they have the right to come forward with
testimony, proof, and experts.
Mr. Uleck said if the members did not look at the property in
question, they would not be able to tell if someone was lying.
He has been on this BOard for 9 or 10 years and this is the way
he judged cases. Attorney Cherof advised the Board should make
the final decision on what is presented at the meeting, on the
record, and personal knowledge cannot be brought in.
Mr. Cutro realized in the past the Board has been saddled with
situations where site plans have already been approved by the
Planning and Zoning Board and were asked to make determinations
on building permits that have already been granted. The site
plan review process has been reversed so the Board of Adjustment
will not be making adjustments on plans after they have been
approved. The variance will go to this Board before a site plan
is approved. The same thing will be happening with building per-
mits as well. Staff will not allow those plans to go forward;
they will put a hold on the permit.
Attorney Cherof explained what the Board did before was
controlled by State Statute which was abolished in 1985. It is
now covered under the City's home rule powers. If it is ignored,
the City will get reversed in every appeal, and will have to pay
Court costs and attorney fees. The Board viewing the property is
not something that is on the record and the property owner is
entitled to have all of his case on the record.
Discussion ensued regarding the members looking at specific sites.
Attorney Cherof said he is not suggesting that because somebody
comes in and puts facts in front of the Board that the Board must
grant them the relief they are requesting. The Board also sits
in judgement of the qualifications of the person that is
testifying and the voracity of what is said.
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Vice Chairman Miriana mentioned he was contacted on previous
cases. Attorney Cherof advised any member would have to disclose
if he is being lobbied.
With regard to enforcing the Code, Attorney Cherof said there are
variances so this Board can make a change if all the other cri-
teria are met. The Code is merely guidance with respect to
variance procedures or special exceptions.
Chairman Thompson brought up again the issue of members being
called. Attorney Cherof said the members should tell those
people that they cannot listen to them if it is regarding an item
coming up on the agenda. Chairman Thompson asked if discussion
continues, but not regarding an agenda item, if there is still a
violation. Attorney Cherof did not think so, but advised the
members to be cautious. He advised if they feel somebody is
trying to encourage them to vote one way or another, that is the
time to end the conversation.
Commissioner Matson was present and suggested doing what she does
in these situations, namely, telling the callers that you prefer
to hear what they have to say at the same time everybody else
hears it.
STAFF PROCEDURE
Mr. Cutro explained what Staff plans to do to try to assist the
Board in making determinations. The standarized package of
information which the Board will receive will include the name of
the applicant, a detailed description of the request, the appli-
cable ordinance section numbers, the location, the present zoning
of the property, the use of the property, the parcel size, the
surrounding zoning, the surrounding uses, an analysis of the
facts, the reasons for the request for a variance, a comparision
of an analysis of Section 10(b)(3) which is the criteria for
variance, a recommendation on whether or not to approve, approve
with conditions, deny, or to continue an item, a plot plan which
will have notations on it as to what the variances are, the
application, and, if necessary, a zoning locater map to see what
the zoning is around a particular area. In addition, the infor-
mation will include other pertinent materials, such as letters
from the public, a list of telephone calls received from people
opposing the variance. The applicant will be allowed to present
photographs, but they will have to be left with the City. The
package will be delivered to the members on the Thursday before
each meeting. Mr. Cutro advised the members that if they have
any questions after reviewing the packages, they should call Mike
Haag. Staff will include the requested information in their
presentation at the meeting.
Chairman Thompson asked if Staff is leading the Board by making a
recommendation. Attorney Cherof said Staff is not leading the
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Board any more than the applicant is leading the Board in
requesting the variance or the special exception. It is simply a
recommendation from the City's point of view and is not binding
on the Board. The applicant will be made aware of Staff's recom-
mendation ahead of time and will have an opportunity to respond.
Mr. Newton said if the applicant is denied a variance which the
Planning Department recommended be denied, then the applicant may
feel they should have some other recourse. Attorney Cherof said
the Board is entitled to all the expertise of all the people that
work for the City who were hired for a specific purpose.
Ms. Solomon asked if it is possible to get the package of infor-
mation before Thursdays. Mr. Cutro said he has a limited time to
review the package himself; however, he will try to get it to the
members on Wednesdays, depending on the amount of cases.
BOARD PROCEDURE
The following was recommended by Mr. Cutro as a way to conduct
business and take input:
(1) The Secretary reads the case number and the request.
(2) Staff is allowed to make their presentation to get
their input into the record.
(3) The applicant is allowed to make a presentation.
(4) Staff is allowed to rebut and answer the Board's
questions regarding the information applicant has
supplied.
(5) The public hearing is opened.
(6) The public hearing is closed.
(7) The applicant is given a chance to make a closing
statement and possibly rebut some of the public hearing
statements.
(8) Discussion is held between members. The Board can ask
questions of Staff and applicant. The Board should
refrain from asking for opinions from people who spoke
in the audience.
(9) The Board makes a motion and votes on it. If the Board
overrides Staff recommendations, those need to be
stated as part of the motion.
Mr. Cutro recommended avoiding the "halo" effect (somebody who
has done something good deserves to get the variance because he
is a good person) and the "pitchfork" effect (somebody who has
done something bad does not deserve to get the variance).
In answer to a question posed by Mr. Slavin, Mr. Cutro said the
full request of the applicant will be spelled out in detail. The
justifications for the variance should not be read into the
record by the Secretary. The applicant should make his own case;
the burden of proof is with him.
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Attorney Cherof advised that anybody who is going to offer testi-
mony needs to be sworn in by the Secretary or the Attorney.
Ms. Solomon asked if it is the responsibility of this Board to
remember the Codes of the City. Attorney Cherof answered in the
negative, saying Staff will be there, as well as somebody from
the City Attorney's Office, to give guidance as to what the Code
says and what the standard is. He hoped that a copy of the
applicable Code would be included in the backup for every
variance or special exception that comes before this Board.
Mr. Cutro agreed to do this.
Ms. Solomon asked if the Code should be taken into consideration
when making a decision. Attorney Cherof reminded Ms. Solomon
that for every section in the Code from which a variance is being
sought, there is a section in the Code that says one is entitled
to a variance, if certain criteria are met. The function of the
Board in a variance proceeding is not to strictly enforce the
Code; it is to grant relief from the strict enforcement of the
Code, providing there is a hardship which is not self-imposed,
and pr~oviding it is in harmony with the rest of the neighborhood.
In response to Chairman Thompson, Attorney Cherof said he will
try to give the Board more guidance on a case by case basis, but
the general rule is that economic hardship does not qualify for
the granting of a variance. A hardship is the result of
something beyond the control of the property owner, such as a
strange configuration of the property that eliminates the possi-
bility of all the parking spaces.
Chairman Thompson said many years ago at a workshop, someone from
the University of Florida addressed the Board and advised that a
person cannot be denied the use of his property. Attorney Cherof
disagreed, saying that the City can stop certain kinds of busi-
nesses and development where it can demonstrate that it is a
hazard, or if there is a health, safety, or traffic congestion
consideration.
Mr. Miller inquired about'his role and responsbilities as a new
alternate member of this Board. Chairman Thompson advised
Mr. Miller he may join in the discussions but is not allowed to
vote. Attorney Cherof added that Mr. Miller may be required to
sit on the Board when there is not a quorum.
Secretary Eney felt the members should avoid commenting on deter-
minations made by the Board in previous cases. Attorney Cherof
said this is instant reversal in a Court, and that everybody has
the right to have the Board consider their case separately and
independently.
Chairman Thompson inquired about the process regarding
rehearings. Mr. Cutro said if an applicant requests a rehearing
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within 30 days after the Board has made its determination, it
reverts to the Board for a determination as to whether or not to
hear the case. He would like to change the Code to state that
rehearing requests are not allowed prior to one year and if there
is an appeal process, direct it perhaps to the Court or the City
Commission.
Mr. Haag asked if the Board should allow the applicant an oppor-
tunity to speak at the meeting with regard to a request for
rehearing. Atttorney Cherof said the Code says nothing about
rehearings, but there are Court cases that say if there is some
new issue that was not brought to the Board's attention or a
mistake of fact, a~d there is criteria for it, that somebody
should have the right to make a request for rehearing. He
thought everything the applicant wants to say about why they
should have a rehearing should be included in a written document
and the Board should make a decision based upon what is in the
four corners of it. Legal direction can be given to the Board on
Whether there is enough in the four corners of that document to
get the applicant back to the Board.
Chairman Thompson inquired if the Board has to make a decision on
a case at the meeting it is scheduled for. Attorney Cherof
advised the Board has the power to table any matter before them.
Mr. Cutro added there may be times when something is introduced
at a meeting that Staff does not have the ability to comment on,
or a question may be raised that Staff does not have the ability
to answer at that time.
ADJOURNMENT
There being no further business, the meeting properly adjourned
at/~P. M.
Eve Eubanks
Recording Secretary
(Two Tapes)