HARDWOOD WETLANDS FINAL MONITORING REPORT
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QUANTUM
CORPORATE
PARK
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December 26, 1990
Ms. Carolyn Kindell
Flonda Department of EnvIronmental Regulation
Twin Towers Building
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400
Re: Quantum Corporate Park; Permit No. 501268889, Transmittal of Fourth
Monitoring Report for the Non-Jurisdictional Wetlands
Dear Carolyn.
Enclosed please find the Fourth Monitoring Report for the Non-JurisdictIOnal
Wetlands at Quantum Corporate Park. If you have any questions concernmg the
report, please contact either myself or Dr Donald Richardson at your earlIest
oppportunity
Very truly yours,
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MICHAEL J TOLL
Development Manager
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( ;-/-Lfi-I )
MJT.aem
(MKindell)
Enclosure
CC.
Mr George W Zimmerman
Mr Tim Cannon
Mr Michael Busha
Mr Dan Cary
Dr Donald Richardson
David S. Pressly, Esq
RECEl~JED
oEC 2'l lQ"1"
PLAt'H~' '-iG D(J'l
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A Deutsch/Ireland PropertieJ-
Melvin Simon Joint Venture
The 110 Tower. 21st Floor. 110 Southeast Sixth Street. Fort Lauderdale Florida 33301-3415
Broward (3051 763-H888. FAX (3051 763-8996. Palm Beach (4071 734-3555 . Dade (3051 445-HIIO. 800-421-5114
The Building. 1125 Northeast 125 Street. North Miami Flonda 33161
(3051 INI-6806. FAX (305) 895-8241
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FOURTH MONITORING
REPORT FOR THE
QUANTUM PARK NON-JURISDICTIONAL
HARDWOOD WETLANDS
FINAL
30 October 1990
by
Donald Richardson, Ph.D
Ecological Consultants, Inc.
5121 Ehrlich Road, Suite 103A
Tampa, Florida 33624
INTRODUCITON
As specified in the Department of Environmental Regulation Permit #501268889 under
Specific Conditions Numbers 5 and 6, all exotic vegetation will be removed from the nonJunsdlctIonal
wetlands and replanted with hardwood swamp species. Specific item Number 6 requires the locations,
numbers and species of plants that will be removed and a lIst of those to be installed. The following
report details the plan in which exotics such as punk trees (Melaleuca quinquenervia) were removed
from both wetlands and the recovery of the Impacted areas.
The southern wetland (2.2 acres) was dominated by two dense stands (0.11 acres) of punk
trees in the northwest corner and western edge (Figure 1). A smaller group of trees were also found
within a 20 foot band along the southeast and eastern edges of the wetland.
As per the requirements establIshed within the Development Order, most of the fringing
Melaleuca trees (ca. 361) were removed from the wetland by the general contractor Each tree was
removed from the berm With a front end loader and a cham. ThiS would preclude the need for heavy
eqUipment 10 the wetland smce the peat layers exceed 4 feet 10 many areas.
The dense stands required special consideration smce they extend out into the wetland beyond
the limits of the heavy eqUipment. A berm was constructed out into the wetland several meters in
order to reach the southern extent of the Melaleuca head. All berm matenals were removed to
existmg grade to allow germinatlon from eXIstmg seed sources. Under the present water conditions,
most of the naturally occurring herbaceous species should germinate from the eXIsting muck layellS
in the impacted areas.
Isolated trees within the wetland (ca. 80 saplIngs) were treated with the herbIcide, Arsenal.
This herbiCide was requested for use at Quantum Park by the Flonda Department of Agriculture.
Arsenal has been used effectively for control of Melaleuca and Brazilian pepper within Flonda. Prior
to the treatment of isolated Melaleuca trees, the water table within the wetland was slightly lowered
to Within a few inches of the muck layer or applIed dunng spring drought conditions. All treatments
were administered so that no herbicide reaches the water table. Application to Melaleuca was done
using the frill/girdle technique as indicated in the Supplemental Labeling report (EP A SLN No. FL-
87(011) for Arsenal. Since most of the trees were less than 6 inches in circumference, approximately
50% of the bark was removed and a cut made into at least two growth flngs. Undiluted Arsenal was
brushed mto each cut. Re-application would have been requIred If not for the success of the first
application.
The above protocol for exotic removal would require the installation of some hardwood tree
species. ApproXImately 48 wetland trees were installed in the disturbed areas. A mixture of pond
apple (Annona glabra), bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), dahoon holly
(Hex cassine) and red bay (Persea palustris) were planted in the scarified areas. All trees (3 gallon
nursery grown stock) were installed on 10 foot centers. Herbaceous species were allowed to
germinate from seeds stored in the muck layers. After the area had been cleared of Melaleuca, any
exposed soil was lowered to grade elevatIOns in order to prevent Brazilian pepper colOnIzation.
The 3.8 acre wetland to the north and adjacent to the City Park was dominated by 0.20 acres
of dense Melaleuca (Figure 2). Most of the existing Melaleuca trees (ca. 300-500 trees including
saplings) occurred in the southwest corner of the site and average 3-8 mches dbh, becoming smaller
to the east. The remaining trees were located in a small stand in the northeast corner of the site.
During the dry season, heavy eqUIpment was utihzed in the northern wetland to remove punk
trees from approximately 0.75 acres along the southern border In the dense Melaleuca thicketi,
about 6-12 inches of the top soil layer was removed to eliminate unwanted seed sources that may
have accumulated in the soil. This scarified area was later planted with trees to restore native canopy
species that would provide shaded areas for natural recruitment of herbs.
The natural vegetation of this wetland is dominated by several herbaceous species and
scattered wax myrtles. No herbaceous plantmg would be initiated unless natural recruitment did not
occur in the tree planting area. Approximately 89 trees were installed in the former Melaleuca areas.
A mixture of the same species as mentioned above were planted on 10 foot centers or in small
clumps to simulate natural swamp development.
A maintenance program was initiated to curtail possible exotic recruits or to further retreat
those trees that might not have been killed during the initial treatment with herbicide. Since this
herbicide was applied during low water and by hand, death to the other woody species was held to
a minimal level. Treatment of resprouting Melaleuca was conducted every 60 days following the
initial application for the two year monitonng penod.
All mODltoring reports have been submitted to the developers of the property for submittal
to the required agencies. Monitoring has occurred semi-annually for the first and second year and
at least one event occurred in the wet and dry portions of the year A samplIng program of line-
transects and quadrats was established for each wetland. A 50 meter line transect was installed m
each wetland from the shore of the wetland out into the undisturbed portions. All plant material
breaking the plane of the transect was recorded in order to detrmine percent cover by species. In
addition, 6 one meter square quadrats were established along one side of each transect. Percent
cover by species was recorded in order to monitor changes in the wetland. A plan view showing the
location of the transects and quadrats is included (Figures 1 and 2). Fixed photographic stations were
established along each transects with photographs of each quadrat. Stations were also establIshed
at random intervals along the edge of each wetland.
Monitonng reports included percent mortality of treated exotics, percent cover by natur~l
wetland species, and survival data on planted trees.
A monitoring program for the littoral shelf and hardwood hammock plantmgs was also be
included for all of the ponds located withm the project (Figure 16). A mixture of arrowhead
(Sa~ittaria lancifolia), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), soft rush (Juncus effusus), fragrant white
waterlily (Nymphaea odorata) and spatterdock (Nuphar luteum) were installed in specified areas
around each of the eight ponds.
The banks were planted wIth a mIXture of hardwood hammock specIes that would add
dIversity to the lake systems. Trees specIes included pond apple (ADnona glabra), red maple (Acer
rubrum), bald cypress (Taxodium dIstIchum), swamp bay (Persea borboma), and sweet bay (Magnoha
virginiana). Understory herbs and shrubs mcluded swamp fern (Blechnum serrulatum), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), Boston fern (Nephrolepls exaltata), gallberry (Hex glabra), Virgmm willow
(Itea virginica), and buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentahs). All installed bank specIes were well-
watered by hand on a daily baSIS for several months dunng the time when the IrngatIon system was
being installed. Percent survival and natural recruItment will be dIscussed for each of the planted
ponds.
RESULTS
WETLAND PRESERVE AREAS
To date, recovery of the scarified areas of former Melaleuca wIthm the wetland preserve areas
has been good despite some resprouting from old Melaleuca roots and new seedhngs. Natural
recruitment has been somewhat better in the southern wetland with nearly 100% coverage of
dIsturbed areas. During the last reporting period, the entire planted area of the southern wetland
was mowed to stimulate wetland growth and decrease weedy invaders. The lake mamtenance staff
has penodlcally removed weedy species around the margins and to some extent in the planted areas
of both wetlands.
SOUTHERN PRESERVE
Water levels in the preserve have mcreased from the last reporting event and ranges m depth
from 5-10 cm over most of the area. Water clanty was good and algae formation was mmimal.
Transect data for the southern wetland indIcates that 100% of the transect hne was covered
WIth wetland and transItional plant matenal (Figure 3). In the scanfied areas, spikerush (Eleochans
baldwinia), chmbmg fern (LygodlUm Japomcum), pickerelweed (Pontedena cordata), dayflower
(Commehna dIffusa), blue flag Iri~ (Ins hexagona), dogfennel (Eupatonum capilhfohum), arrowhead
(Sagittaria lanclfolia), marsh fleabane (Pluchea rosea), red root (Lachnanthes caroliniana),
Rhynchospora microcarpa, maidencane (Panicum hemitomon), and Cyperus haspan formed most of
the above ground biomass (Table 1). A total of 34 species were recorded along the transect for both
the disturbed and undisturbed portions of the marsh.
In the undisturbed portIons of the transect, cham fern (Woodwardla vlrginica), swamp fern
(Blechnum serrulatum), royal fern (Osmund a regalis), and buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
were the dominant species.
Percent cover estimates from one meter square quadrats (Figures 4-6) indicate similar results
as obselVed along the transect (Table 2). Spike rush, arrowhead, and dogfennel were the dominant
ground cover species, followed by red root, marsh pennywort, and hemp vine (Mikania scandens).
The ecotone or transition from the disturbed area to the undisturbed marsh is becoming more
obscure with time. Most of the disturbed area species are early successional, pioneer species that
require full sunlight m contrast to the more shade adapted shrubs and ferns of the undisturbed marsh.
Species richness is much reduced in the undisturbed areas because of the lower lIght levels Imposed
by the much taller vegetation. The presence of transitional weedy specIes is directly related to the
severe drought conditIons over the past 12 months.
About 80-85% of the planted trees have sUlvlVed the drought and the dense cover of herbs
that have partly shaded some of the smaller trees. Bald cypress and dahoon holly vary in height from
6-8 feet with about 1-2 feet of lateral canopy growth. Pond apple has nearly doubled in size a!\d
some trees have produced fruit. Trees vary from 4-5 feet and appear in excellent condition. Much
of thiS area was originally pond apple and dahoon holly prior to constrcution activities. Red bay and
sweet bay have not faired as well due to their slow growth rates. Trees vary from 4-5 feet and are
somewhat water stressed from the drought.
Nuisance vegetation during the first monitonng event was restricted to pnmrose willow and
punk trees scattered over about 30-40% of the site. To date, Melaleuca trees have been largely
ehminated, however, wIth the drought condItIons, seedlmgs and resprouts have been observed in both
the disturbed and undisturbed portIons of the preserve.
NORTHERN WETLAND
Recovery in the scanfied portion of the northern wetland (3.2 acre) has been somewhat
slower due to the former dense stand of punk trees that dommated this preserve and the excavation
of more soil during the clearing operation. The lack of standing water for several months after
installation has contributed to the much slower colonizatIon of native speCies (Figure 7). Species
richness is similar with 28 speCies recorderd along the transect and percent cover estimates have
increased slightly from the last report due to standing water (Figures 8-10).
Seed bank replemshment in the scanfied areas may have been severely reduced smce the area
was dominated with mature Melaleuca for many years. The lack of understory vegetatIon, low hght
levels, and the possible release of secondary mhibItory chemIcals from mature trees may have reduced
the viability of soil born seeds pnor to Melaleuca estabhshment. At any rate, about 70-80% of the
scarified area has been recolomzed by native wetland herbs.
Transect data supports the observed differences m cover estimates. About 98.5% of the 50
meter transect was occupied by plant matenal and more soil was exposed throughout the wetland
than in the southern system. Species nchness was similar, however, species composition was different
(Table 3). The northern wetland was covered with about 10-27 cm of clear standmg water This
allowed the estabhshment of more obhgate wetland species such as arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia),
pickerelweed (Pontedena cordata), and duck potato (SagJttaria latifoha) which have expanded in
density due to saturated soil conditions.
About 85-90% of the original trees have survIved the past drought conditions. Most of the
planted trees vary m height from 4-7 feet and many pond apple seedhngs have been observed
throughout the wetland. Some of the bays have died from the drought and others have resprouted
from the bases.
The original treatment of Melaleuca in the northern wetland killed about 70% of the trees
except for some of the larger seed trees. Several applications of arsenal have been utihzed but with
rather poor results. To date, about 10% of the planted area has been mvaded by several hundred
seedhngs and resprouts along the dry margms of the site. Many of these have moved out into the
planted areas and may pose a problem m the future. The construction of the new roadway to the
north may stimulate seedling estabhshment of this noXIOUS pest species. At some time m the future,
this area will be utilized as a city park and will be mamtained by city staff. The fact that many
seedlings have resprouted may be directly attributed to the removal of more substrate which
contained Melaleuca seeds or sprouts whereas in the southern wetland the deep muck layers
prevented the removal of soil borne seeds and sprouts. Other invaSive speCIes included scattered
primrose and southern cattails.
PHOTO PLOTS FOR PRESERVES
As mdlcated in the origmal monitoring scheme for these wetland systems, photographic
documentation along the edges of each wetland was estabhshed. For the north wetland, photo plot
#1 (Figure 11, upper) was taken from the west bank lookmg east across the transect line. Photo plot
#2 (Figure 11, lower) IS looking north into the former deep water areas where cattails have
established. Photo plot #3 was taken lookmg north approximately 20 meters to the west of photo
plot #2 on the south bank (Figure 12, upper). Photo plot #4 (Figure 12, lower) was taken from the
southeastern bank looking to the east across the scanfied area. Cattails have become established oa
the exposed muck near photo plot #4 provldmg cover for local moorhen populations. Virtually no
Melaleuca seedlings were Visible m the northern photo plots dunng the last report, however, many
seedlings have germinated along the southwestern corner of the site and along the margins of the
scarified area. Some resprouts have also mvaded the undisturbed portIon of the preserve and should
be treated and removed.
In contrast, the southern wetland is far more accessible and most of the photo plots were
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taken looking at the mature vegetation, however, ruderal invasion along the top of bank has been
removed. Photo plot #1 was taken from the northwest corner along the bike path looking east
(Figure 13, upper). A small stand of sawgrass and buttonbush occur in this portion of the marsh.
Melaleuca sapling were visible during the last report, but some new seedlings and resprouts have been
observed. Photo plot #2 is looking northeast from the southwest bank mto a former Melaleuca stand
that was removed (Figure 13, lower). Photo plot #3 is also looking north from the south bank mto
an area that had scattered Melaleuca (Figure 14, upper). Most of the trees along the southern edge
of the south wetland were removed by a cham attached to the bucket of a front-end loader Very
little disturbance of the muck was notIced except for a few deeper holes that have been colonized
with arrowhead and other aquatics. Photo plot #4 (Figure 14, lower) IS lookmg northwest mto a
former Melaleuca stand. Several hundred Melaleuca saplings have resprouted from old tree roots
left behind after the trees were pulled from the swamp. Most of the area has been colomzed by
swamp fern, chain fern and some primrose willow Photo plot #5 (Figure 15, upper) was taken from
the north bank looking southwest into the scanfied area of the transect.
LITfORAL SHELF AND HARDWOOD HAMMOCK PLANTING AREAS
Overall plant survIval for the httoral shelf plantmg areas has been about 95% for all species
except for fragrant white waterlily About 98% of the planted area is colonized by a dense stand of
native wetland hydrophytes (Figure 14-22). A few of the ponds have not progressed as quickly as
planned due to the drought conditions dunng installatIon.
Percent survIval by speCIes by pond IS as follows.
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SPECIES POND #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Arrowhead 10 95 95 95 100 100 100 30
Pickerelweed 10 100 100 100 100 100 100 45
Soft rush 5 90 95 90 90 85 90 32
Fragrant waterlily 80 60 35 40 20 10 3*
Spatterdock 20 40 45 55 100 100 2*
* - Fragrant white lilies were installed and due to the high alkalinity conditions of the ponds were
mostly eliminated. As a test procedure, spatterdock was planted In a few locations to determIne
success survival potential. It was determined that spatterdock survival was much higher (about 60%)
and was planted in all the ponds.
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Littoral shelf establishment in Pond #1 is low due to the lack of available plantIng area, a dense
cover of torpedo grass and low water levels at the time of planting. Pond #1 was never Intended to
be planted, as the httoral area is only a few feet wide. Pond #8 is doing much better and about 70%
of the littoral shelf has been colonized by wetland species. Natural recruitment of pickerelweed and
arrowhead was observed WithIn this pond at the time of thiS report. The lack of other natIve specIes
may be partly attributed to the dense growth of torpedo grass and the subsequent spraying with
herbicide. A lake maintenance program is essential in order to control the growth of unwanted
species which usually out-compete the natIve emergents.
The remaIning ponds look in excellent conditions and survival has been good. Soft rush
plants vary in size from 110-120 cm with 100+ stems per planting umt. About 10% of the plants
were in flower at the time of this report. Arrowhead growth has been excellent and recruitment has
occurrred throughout all the lake systems. New seedhngs have colomzed the unplanted portion of
the ponds and new recruits were visible in the wet soil along the waters edge of the planting areas.
Plants range In size from 70-120 cm WIth 10-45 + stems per plant. About 40% of the plants were In
flower Pickerelweed growth has been extremely good throughout the ponds. Plants vary from 40-90
cm with 5-15 stems per planting umt. About 60% of the plants were In flower and some fruits weTf-
observed.
Fragrant waterlilies have been able to colonize selected areas of the pond system. The high
alkalinity has precluded development in some of the planted areas. Plants vary from 10-15 leaves per
planting unit and about 10% of the plants were in flower As a replacement species, spatterdock was
installed and has begun to take control of the deeper water areas. Plants are vigorous and new
individuals are scattered throughout the ponds. About 60% of the plants were In flower and plants
varied from 14-40 + leaves per plant.
Nuisance vegetation such as cattails, pnmrose willow and torpedo grass has been systematically
controlled with the use of herbicide and hand removal. The ponds have steadily improved over the
past several months and much of the rapid growth of torpedo grass has been curtailed. A few punk
trees have been allowed to grow along the banks of the northern pond and should be removed by
the maintenance staff.
Natural recrUitment withm the littoral zone has been excellent for all of the ponds. The most
common species include marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle umellata), comwort (Centella aSiatica), water
hyssop (Bacopa monmeri), red ludwigia (Ludwigla repens), Cyperus sunnamenSlS, spikerush
(Eleochans baldwinii and g. vivlpara), yellow canna lily (Canna flaccida), smartweed (Polygonum
punctatum), Juncus megacephalus, Rhynchospora mlfcocarpa, hemp vme (Mikama scandens),
Boehmeria cyhndrica, Carohna willow (Sahx caroliniana), and maidencane (Panicum hemitomon).
Despite the severe drought conditions, the hardwood hammock species have responded
favorably About 90% of the trees, 88% of the shrubs and 85% of the herbaceous species have
survived the dry soil conditions even though migatIon has been provided. Most of the trees range
in size from 5-9 feet with some approaching 11 feet in height. Once the canopy is able to provide
some shade, the understory herbs and shrubs will expand m density along the bank. Some damage
to the ferns has occurred by weed-eating around planted speCies. To reduce the stress caused to the
installed species, small flags were mstalled 10 the locations of all herbaceous and woody shrup
material. This will allow the plants to reach some height and possibly produce some seed matenal
this growmg season. Some additional damage was observed from the use of herbicide that had drifted
into the hydric hammock zone. Several meeting with the maintenance staff have eliminated thiS
problem except in areas of dense torpedo grass that may have colomzed the banks.
Gallberry shrubs range from 20-130 cm 10 height and look m excellent condition once the
mowing was terminated. Virgima willow has reached heights of 150 cm and some of the plants were
in flower Buttonbush has responded very well with plants exceedmg 5 feet 10 height. About 60%
of the plants were in fruit.
The herbaceous components of the banks have survived the drought and most of the planting
units have double in size. Some of the Boston fern vary from 60-80 cm in height with 3-7 fronds per
plantmg umt. Swamp fern, chain fern and some of the cmnamon fern have reached field size along
the lower slopes near the waters edge.
Common aSSOCiates include redroot (Lachnanthes carohmana), coinwort, marsh pennywort,
creeping charlie (Lippia nodiflora), dogfennel, Cyperus surinamensis, hemp vme, Bermuda grass, rush
(Juncus megacephalus), small-fruited beak rush (Rhynchopsora microcarpa), beggar's tick (Bidens
alba), and mock Bishop's weed (Ptilimmum capillaceum). Natural establishment within the hammock
area will be slow until canopy closure occurs and the banks become wet enough to ehminate the need
for periodic mowing and spraying.
SUMMARY
Recovery of the scarified areas within the nonjurisdIctional wetlands has been good despIte
the drought. Percent cover estimates show that the northern wetland has progressed at a somwhat
slower pace of recovery than the smaller southern wetland. Approximately 90% of the mstalled trees
have survived and some trees have reached heights of 8 feet. Melaleuca germmation from seed or
resprouts poses a problem 10 the northern wetland and removal has been periodically conducted by
a professional firm. Herbaceous recruitment has been good for both areas and standing water w~s
observed in both areas. Nearly 100% of the southern wetland and 85% of the northern wetland is
covered by native wetland vegetation.
Overall plant survIval is about 90-95% WIthin the littoral zone except 10 pond #1 Nuisance
vegetation has been regularly maintained withm all of the ponds and wildlife usage by wad 109 birds,
waterfowl, turtles, alligators and other species has been good. Maturity of the hardwood hammock
area will provide additIonal roost SItes for local bud specIes and cover for other local ammal species.
Hardwood development has been excellent and some areas have begun to form a closed
canopy which should stimulate herb development. The severe drought conditions over the past 6-9
months has precluded some expansion and recrmtment of species withm thiS area, however, most of
the planting units have nearly doubled in Size.
Table 1 Percent cover estimates along a 50 meter transect
in the southern (2.2 acre) wetland.
SCIENTIFIC NAME % COVER % COVER % COVER % Cover
1 ST Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Eleochans baldwinll 41.0 441 49.0 38.0
Woodwardia virginica 11.4 12.2 11.6 10.1
Eupatorium capillifolium 8.4 6.3 8.9 13.1
Sagittaria lancifolia 7.8 6.9 91 243
Pluchea rose a 74 73 6.0 13
Blechnum serrulatum 6.4 6.1 53 47
Lachnanthes caroliniana 6.4 8.1 114 10.3
Osmunda regahs 4.6 3.8 2.2 2.8
Cephalanthus occidentahs 4.0 4.2 41 3.8
Rhynchospora microcephala 3.0 41 39 49
Cyperus haspan 2.6 2.8 8.3 13
Scoparia dulclS 1.8 19 2.1 10
Hydrocotyle umbellata 1.6 1.5 5.6 6.3
Pamcum hemltomom 1.6 1 7 1.8 14
Mikania scandens 1.6 1.6 1 7 14
Persea borbonia (planted) 14 14 1.5 14
Ludwigia repens 1.2 0.9 1 1 10
Lygodium japonicum 1.2 1.2 1.9 3.6
Sarcostemma clausum 1.0 1.0 14 1.6
Panicum hemitomon 2.1 1.0
Cyperus strigosus 10 13 1.0 0.6
Rhynchospora microcarpa 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.4
Oiodia vugmtana 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.8
Ludwigia octovalvis 0.6 0.8 0.2 1 1
Ammannia coccmea 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
Polygonum punctatum 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9
Iris hexagona 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.2
Peltandra virginica 0.2 0.3
Boehmeria cylindrica 0.2 0.2 0.2 :
Xyns jUpiCal 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7
Rhexia cubensis 1 1 2.1 1.2
Cyperus surinamensis 1.2 1.8 14
Andropogon virgmicus 18.3
Annona glabra 0.2
Species. 34 % Cover. 119.2* 125.2* 1573* 160.3*
Total % Cover 92.4 93.5 993 100.0
* indicates species overlap along transect. Total percent
cover indlcates what percentage of the transect was bare soil.
l~
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Table 2. Percent cover by species for the 6 quadrats m the southern wetland.
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Percent Cover by Species
Plot #
Species 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Eleochans baldwmn 43 27 41 17 17
Woodwardia virgmica 49
Eupatorium capilhfolium 71 61 16 10 17 8
Sagittaria lancifoha 8 22 18 41 17 9
Pluchea rose a 1 4 7 1 1
Blechnum serrulatum 52
Lachnanthes caroliniana 14 9 31 16 10
Pontederia cordata 1 4 6
Osmunda regalis 29
Cephalanthus occidental is 61
Rhynchospora microcephala 9 30 20 3
Cyperus haspan 3 3 6 1
Scoparia du1cis 4 1 2
Hydrocotyle umbellata 18 21 10 9
Mikania scandens 31 6 14 10 12
Ludwigla repens 4 1
Lygodium japonicum 47
Sahx carolimana 4 32
Cyperus stngosus 1 4
Rhynchospora mlcrocarpa 16 6 9 2
Diodia vlrgimana 2 1 3 1
Ludwigia octovalvis 1
Ammannia coccmea
Andropogon virginicus 6 9 9 16 6 6
Panicum hemitomon 5 4 6 29
Centella aSIatica 2 1 21 1 3
Eclipta alba 1 2
Total % Cover 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 3. Percent cover estimates along a 50 meter transect
in the northern (3.2 acre) wetland.
SCIENTIFIC NAME % COVER % COVER % COVER %COVER
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Eleocharis baldwinii 31.8 33.1 30.0 291
Pontederia cordata 19.0 18.8 15.6 14.6
Sagittana lancifoha 12.2 12.0 21.0 20.0
Ludwigia peruviana 11.2 14.2 8.9 8.0
Acrostichum danaeifolium 7.8 8.1 8.0 6.1
Woodwardia vlrgmlca 7.6 71 7.9 47
Saglttana latltlOla 4.6 53 41 5 1
Mikania scandens 3.8 4.2 6.9 9.2
Fuirena breviseta 3.4 3.0 4.9 10.1
Habenana repens 3.2 3.9 2.1 10
Osmunda regahs 2.8 3.1 4.2 47
Lygodium japonicum 2.4 11.2 91 10.8
Centella asiatica 2.4 3.8 6.2 57
Hydrocotyle umbellata 2.2 3.0 51 5.9
Blechnum serrulatum 2.2 2.9 1.9 2.3
Salix carolinian a 2.0 3.9 2.1 2.9
Mitreola petlolatus 2.0 2.2 2.0 10
Ludwigla microcarpa 2.0 2.4 3.9 30
Pluchea rose a 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.7
Sarcostemma clausum 1.6 14 1.5 1.0
Eupatorium capilhtloium 14 1.6 3.6 2.1
Bacopa carolinian a 14 13 2.1 2.0
Diodia vlfgimana 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.4
Echinochloa crusgalli 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2
Cyperus haspan 0.8 1 1 10 14
Ammannia coccinea 0.6 0.4 0.1
Lachnanthes caroliniana 0.2 0.6 1.2 2.4
Polygonum punctatum 0.2 0.5 0.9 13
Species. 28 % Cover 132.2* 152.7* 157 0* 157 7*
Total % Cover. 88.9 91.0 93.1 98.5
* indicates species overlap. Total percent cover indicates what percentage of the transect was bare
soil.
Table 4 Percent cover by species for the 6 quadrats
in the northern wetland.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent Cover by SpecIes
Plot #
Species 1 2 3 4 5 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eleocharis baldwinii 16 15 16 61 16
Oichromena colorata 2 3 10 3 3
Pontederia cordata 8 11 6 14
Woodwardia virginica 38
Eupatorium capilhfolium 2 3 3
Habenaria repens 1 1
Centella asiatica 15 6 9 8 2
Sagittaria lancifoha 60 70 83 22 61
Xyris jupacai 2 2 4
Pluchea rose a 1 2 1
Blechnum serrulatum 8
Lachnanthes caroliniana 4 1
Ludwigia microcarpa 2 2
Proserpinaca pectinata 5 1
Echinochloa crusgalli 1 2
Mitreola petiolatus 1
Fuirena breviseta 2 3 21 93 21
Saururus cernuus
Hydrocotyle umbellata 3 1 13 45
Mikania scandens 2 4 6
Ludwigia peruviana 12
Lygodium japomcum 25
Acrostichum danaeifolium 5
Salix carohniana 1
Annona glabra 2 1 2
Hypericum cIstifolium 3 3
Panicum hemitomon 1
Bacopa carohniana 20 2 2
Bocopa monnieri 1 21 12 9
Total % Cover 96 100 97 98 100 100
Figure 3
Transect lme in southern wetland lookmg from
quadrat #1 south to the undIsturbed portIOn of
the wetland.
Figure 4
Quadrat #1 (upper) and quadrat #2 (lower) along
transect in southern wetland.
-, 11 J.
. ~ 7~ tl
~/.;.~
l-~'
------ -
----~
Figure 5
Quadrarll3 (upper) and quadrarll4 (lower) along
transect in southern wetland.
------~ -~--------
Figure 6.
Quadrat #5 (upper) and quadrat #6 (lower) along
transect in southern wetland.
.~
Figure 7
Transect line m northern wetland lookmg north
[rom quadrat #1 to the undIsturbed portion o[ the
marsh.
Figure 8.
Quadrat #1 (upper) and quadrat #2 (lower) along
transect In northern wetland.
Figure 9
Quadrat #3 (upper) and quadrat #4 (lower) along
transect III northern wetland.
Figure 10.
Quadral1l5 (Upper) and quadral1l6 (lower) along
transect in northern wetland.
.-----~
Figure 11
Photo plot #1 (upper) and photo plot #2 (lower)
In northern wetland.
Figure 12.
Photo plot #3 (upper) and pholO plot #4 (lower)
in northern wetland.
Figure 13
Photo plot #1 (upper) and photo plot #2 (lower)
In southern wetland.
'.
Figure 14
Photo plot #3 (upper) and photo plot #4 (lower)
m northern wetland.
------------ . - ---------~
---
Figure 15
Photo plot #5 in southern wetland.
Figure 17
Entrance pond #1 showmg poor lIttoral shelf
establishment.
Figure 18.
Figure 19
Littoral zone estahhshment around Pond #2.
LIttoral zone of Pond #3
Figure 20.
Figure 21
LIttoral shelf estabhshmnet and hammock
development along Pond #4
LIttoral zone around Pond #5
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
LIttoral zone around Pond #6.
Littoral zone development around Pond #7
Figure 24
LIttoral zone around Pond #8 showmg Improved
establishment
-~
"ftr