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AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS M A L L City of Boynton Beach, Florida Prepared For: Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation Prepared By: Greiner, Inc. January 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS lAn List of Tables 11 I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODOLOGY AND MODELS 2 III. RESULTS 4 IV. CONCLUSION 6 List of References Appendix LIST OF TABLES I.&.!llc. Title lAn Summary of Air Quality Impact Analysis Modeling Parameters 3 2 Predicted 1989 One- and Eight-Hour, Worst-Case Carbon Monoxide Levels 5 ii I. INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of an air quality impact analysis conducted for the Boynton Beach Mall amended Application for Development Approval/Development of Regional Impact (ADA/DRI). This analysis was conducted following the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) Interim Guidelines for Evaluatine the Air Oualitv Imoacts of Indirect Sources of Carbon Monoxide Emissions [I]. An indirect source is defined as a building, structure, installation, or development which attracts motor vehicles. The purpose of the guidelines is to predict the impact of indirect sources on future air quality conditions in the project vicinity. Specifically, the analysis examines the generation and dispersion of carbon monoxide (CO)--the most prevalent air emission from motor vehicles. The results of the analysis indicate whether or not motor vehicle emissions associated with the project would contribute to CO concentrations above the Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS). The one- and eight-hour AAQS for CO are 35 and 9 parts per million (ppm), respectively--Ievels considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to pose no significant health risk. Based on recommendations from the Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council (TCRPC), the intersections of Military Trail/Old Boynton West Road and Congress Avenue/Old Boynton West Road were analyzed. The remainder of this report has been organized to provide a concise summary of the air quality impact analysis. Section II presents a brief explanation of the methodology and models used. Section III is a compilation and discussion of the results. Section IV presents brief concluding remarks. Finally. the Appendix includes supplemental information developed in support of this analysis. II. METHODOLOGY AND MODELS Following the FDER guidelines, the analysis was accomplished using the EPA approved TEXIN2 intersection model [2]. Using this model, the generation and dispersion of emissions from both free flow and excess motor vehicles were analyzed. Free flow emissions are those attributable to moving motor vehicles. Excess emissions are those associated with stopped, accelerating, and decelerating motor vehicles. Future year traffic volumes were obtained from data developed in support of Question 31 of the ADA/DRI (Public Transportation Facilities: Transportation Considerations). Consistent with these forecasts. the air quality analysis was accomplished for the year 1989, the only phase of this project. Data concerning vehicle mix, operating mode, stability class, and wind speed for the TEXIN2 computer model were based on FDER recommendations including 1990 emission factors. These worst-case, peak-hour traffic and meteorological factors are summarized in Table 1. Also. in conformance with the FDER guidelines. a series of 36 wind directions (00.3500 at 100 intervals) were examined over the modeling grid in order to determine the most critical wind angles within each study area. The computer modeling of worst.case traffic and meteorological data was conducted for the peak one-hour period. To account for the long-term variation in the traffic 2 TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS MODELING PARAMETERS MwW. Parameter YA!Ja. TEXIN2 . Region Low Altitude . Tampering rate No input . Operating mode 20.6%, 27.3%, 20.6% . Ambient temperature 550F . Vehicle mix Default . Calendar year 1990 . Stability class D . Wind speed I meter/second . Wind direction 00-3500 @ 10' in tervals . Mixing height 1,000 meters . Receptor height 1.8 meters . Background concentration 2.0 ppm . Surface roughness 108 centimeters . Receptor locations Areas where sidewalks or buildings are within 10 meters from Eop.a 6 meters Areas where sidewalks or buildings are more than 10 meters from Eop.a 10 meters aEOP - edge of pavement 3 and meteorological data over time, FDER recommends site-specific persistence factors be used to convert the one-hour modeled conditions to comparable worst-case eight- hour conditions. In this way, the results can be compared to the AAQS which are also based on one-hour and eight-hour time periods. The following FDER one-hour to eight-hour persistence factors were used: Military Trail/Old Boynton West Road - 0.50, Congress Avenue/Old Boynton West Road - 0.53. In the absence of site-specific background CO monitoring data, the FDER recommended default value of 2.0 ppm was used. The background CO value was added to the modeled one-hour and the computed eight-hour results to account for CO sources beyond the study area. Because the computer printouts for TEXIN2 are too voluminous to be included in this report, only worst-case receptor results at each intersection analyzed are contained in the Appendix. III. RESULTS The results of the 'air quality impact analysis are presented in Table 2. As previously stated, these values represent potential worst-case conditions. For ease in assimilating the data, CO concentrations are compiled to include contributions from future-year traffic emissions and background CO levels. For comparative purposes, the corresponding one- and eight-hour AAQS for CO are also shown. 4 TABLE 2 PREDICTED 1989 ONE- AND EIGHT-HOUR, WORST-CASE CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS Intersection Receptor Numberb Worst-Case Results a One-Hour Eight-Hour A vera2ec A vera2ec Military Trail/ Old Boynton West Road I 2 3 4 5 6 10.5 10.8 10.9 10.9 10.1 10.1 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.0 Congress A venue/ Old Boynton West Road I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14.2 13.9 12.5 13.5 14.0 14.7 13.3 12.0 8.4 8.3 7.5 8.0 8.3 8.7 7.9 7.3 a With project traffic and with existing geometry. b See Appendix for receptor locations. c Includes background concentration of 2.0 ppm. Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) for carbon monoxide levels considered not to pose any significant health risk: · One-Hour - 35 parts per million · Eight-Hour = 9 parts per million 5 As shown in Table 2, in the vicinity of the Military Trail/Old Boynton West Road intersection, the highest predicted worst-case one- and eight-hour CO concentrations with existing geometry are 10.9 and 6.4 ppm, respectively. Based on these data, no exceedances of either the one- or eight-hour AAQS for CO are likely to occur at any of the six receptors analyzed. Also shown in Table 2, in the vicinity of the Congress Avenue/Old Boynton West Road intersection, the highest predicted worst-case one- and eight-hour CO concentrations with existing geometry are 14.7 and 8.7 ppm, respectively. Based on these data, no exceedances of either the one- or eight-hour AAQS for CO are likely to occur at any of the eight receptors analyzed. IV. CONCLUSION The results of the air quality impact analysis conducted for the Boynton Beach Mall indicate that under simulated worst-case traffic and meteorological conditions, motor vehicle emissions associated with the project will not cause, nor contribute to, an exceedance of the AAQS for CO in the vicinity of the Military/Old Boynton West Road and Congress Avenue/Old Boy ton West Road intersections. While it is generally concluded that computer modeling is a useful method of assessing the relative magnitude of traffic-related air quality impacts near roadways and intersections, it tends to over-predict the absolute CO concentration measured in the field. This is because all of the simulated worst-case meteorological and traffic conditions are not likely to occur simultaneously. For example, wind velocities in the vicinity of the proposed Boynton Beach Mall project are characteristically greater than 6 simulated in this analysis, thereby enhancing the natural ventilation and dilution mechanisms of the atmosphere. As such, the CO levels reported in the analysis are conservatively high estimates. In addition, the proposed improvements to the Congress A venue/Old Boynton West Road intersection identified in the ADA/DRI could further reduce CO levels forecasted in this analysis by increasing motor vehicle mobility and reducing motor vehicle emissions. 7 LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Interim Guidelines for Eva1uatine the Air Oualitv Imoacts of Indirect Sources of Carbon Monoxide Emissions. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, January 1988 2. TEXIN2 - A Model for Predictinl! Carbon Monoxide Concentrations Near Intersections, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, August 1986. 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