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O#243 OI~AN(~ ~ f243 ~ere i~ he.by ~p~e~ by ~e Ci~ of B~on ~h for the ~o~ of est~li~ ~es ~ relations for ~e ~ns~r~ion, removal, ~li$ie~. eq~pmen$, ~ee ~ ec~. lo~i~ r~o~en~ ~y ~he N~o~ ~ of F~e ~i%~ of New Y~ execs s~ ~r~i~e am ~e here~ ~ele~e~, mo~fie~ ~i~ met lees ~ ~ee (3) ~pie~ ~ beem offiee of ~e ~erk of ~ Oi~ ~ B~$on ~p~e~ ~ ~0~%~ m~ f~ ~ if ~e% ou~ a~ ~%h h~e~, ~ from ~he ~e on ~eh Shi~ or--ce ~1 ~ effect, ~11 be eom~rollimg ~ ~he eons~$io~ of (m) ~ere~ the wor~ "~ci~li~, s~l Be he!~ ~ me~ ~e Ci~- ~ B~a~e~ ~ ) ~erever ~e ~ "Oe~i~ Oe~sel" i~ s~ be h~A ~ me~ ~e A%~or~ for ~e C~ I~A ~a~tion Dis~ic~ O~; ~e ~ nor%h~ ~o~ saiA west bo~ of c~l ~ the ~ ~e senna firs li~t ~ include er Bo~a~ on ~ ~r firs ~mi2 ~ s~l ~ from ~he ~i& i~ fire l~t ~ ~e cuter l~i~e of ~ ~ ~iei~li~. No~ ~ ~s or~*~ or in the c,~e ~e~ ~p~e~ ~iI be ~n;~ to ~fee~ ~ ~ er p~cee~g now pe~ ri~ ~re~. or ~i~ i~ nor ~ ~c~& er e~s~g. ~r ~v ~ or o~ee ~ ~ or r~ of ~v chafer be l~'~e, i~ or ~fecteA By ~hts --2- Sec%iota 6. ~C~S_tS~ O~D~2IC~S Sectio~ ?, ~ p~s~, eo~r~ticm, ~ola~ ~ ef e~ ~is o~, ~i, ~ c~c$i~ ther~f, be ~i~e~ By less ~ 2ire ~ ($%.00) nor more ~ ~ive ~e~ Dollars ForeWord PREFACE ~ cities have passed ordinances adopting the Recommended · Code of the National Board of Fire Underwriters by title. adopt by title is sometimes given through a general ac~ of the legislature, in other cases by specific enactment : only to one city, and in other cases ~r is assumed by the form in which ordinances, by an enabling act or otherwise. into local legislative bodies is generally prescribed a general state statute or by the municipality's charter. * to be used in the enacting clause is usually included in Qr. ~ ~he policy of the National Board of Fire Underwriters ro the National Building Code---Abbreviated 50 copies without cost. and as many other copies of : as may be desired at a nominal price per copy, which is less t of publication. V AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR FIRE LIMITS, AND ~EGU- LATIONS GOVERNING THE CONSTRUCTION ALTERA~'PION, EQUIPMENT OR REMOVAL OF BUILDINGS OR STRU~TURE~% Be it ordained by the .............................................................. Section 1. Adoption of Building Code. There is hereby adopted by the ..................................................................... for the purpose o£ establishing i'ules and regulations for the construction,. aiteratioh, removal, demolition, equipment, use and occupancy, locatioh:and maintenance of bdildlngs and structures, including permits and penalties, that certain build ng code known ~s the National Building Code, Abbreviated Edition, recommended by the National Board of ' York, being particularly the 1949 ~-~:*:-- ~- , F~re_LInderwriters of New and except such portions as are hereinafter deleted, modified or amended, which not less than three (3) copies have been and now are filed in the office adopted°f the Clerkand Oflncorporatedthe ........ [ ....................... as fully as 7~f ....................... set o and the same are hereby t.h~e,,d,ate on who. ch this ordinance shall *ot-~ ~t~at,le~gth her.e~p, and from ~aa~l oe controlhng in the const~,,o+;~ ~;~3 ,~5,e,c?' the promsxons fhereof thereto ~ontamed w~thm tlie cor;or:i~i'li~,~i'o~;l~l_~..g.7..~nd other structures Section Z. Definitions. (a) Wherever the word "I%funicipality" is used in said code, it shall be held to mean the ............................ . . . (b) Wherever the term "Corporation Counsel" is used in said code. it shall be held ro mean the Attorney for the ................................................. Section 3. Fire Limits Established. The .fire limits of the are hereby established as follo~5' ................................................................................. Beginning ar ............................ .................................................................................................. to the point of beginning. Note.--The fire limits should include all closely built mercantile and adjobfing manufacturing districts and s r ' sides which constitute Dosnr~ ..... u.roundmg blocks on ali construction of an ex ..... to [ne olstrmt or within which new a mercantile or manufa :zuring character is developing. Section 4. Saving Clau~e. Nothing in this ordinance or in the code hereby adopted shall be con- srrued to affect any suit or proceedin n ' · rights, aqquired, or Iiability incurred ~^~- ow pending m any_ court or any o?: ex~st~ng, under any act or o-;I:~-~ any cause .or.causes of action accrue[l r~ght or remedy of any characte ~TqZc7 ~-epeafieq hereby. Nor shall any Section 5. Validity· The invalidity of any section or provision of this ordinance or of the code hereby adopted shall not invaild~ate other sections or provisions thereof. Section 6. Inconsistent Ordinances Repealed Ordinances or parts thereof in force at the time that this ordinance shall take effect and inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. Note.--Ii might be well, as is sometimes done, ro specify definitely the ordinances or parts of ordinances which are intended to be repealed. Section 7. Amendments Made in Said Code. The said code is amended and :hanged in the following respects: (1) Section .............. paragraphs ............, ........................ and ............ are amended as/ollows: Note. Amendments deemed necessary should be inserted Section 8. Date of Effect. This ordinance shall take effect sixty days after its approval as required by law. Note.--Only in unusual circumstances should a building code, which affects so many interests, and these so extensively, be made to take effect immediately upon enactment. A fair allowance would seem to be sixty days. This should give ample time to complete the develop- ment of plans, the preparation of which was begun before the adoption of the code. and on which considerable money had already been expended. VIII CONTENTS SECTION 1. Scope ............................................................................................................... l 2. Building Official ............................................................................................. 1 3. Permits, Inspections, and Posting of Live Loads ................................. 2 4. Supplementary Requirements ..................................................................... 2 $. Unsafe Buildings .............................................................................................. 2 6. Penalty for Violations .................................................................................. 3 7. Definitions .......................................................................................................... 3 8. Classification of Occupancies ........................................................................ 6 9. Classification of Construction .................................................................... 7 10, Restrictions on Construction Witk{n the Fire Limits ............................ 8 1i. Special Ogcnpancy Requirements ................................................................ 9 12. Height Restrictions ....................................................................................... I3. Area Restrictions ............................................................................................ 11 14. Light and Ventilation .................................................................................... [3 15. ~[eans of Egress .............................................................................................. 13 16. Fireproof. semifireproof and heavy timber construction ........................ 17 17. Ordinary Construction .................................................................................. 17 18. Noncombustible Construction ........................................................................ 19 I9. Wood Frame Construction .......................................................................... 20 20. Unprotected Metal Construction ................................................................ 21 21. Workmanship and Materiah ...................................................................... 22 22. Deslg~n Loads Stresses and Wind Pressure ........................................... 22 23. Fotmdations ....................................................................................................... 22 24. Masonry' . ............................................................................................................ 22 25. Reinforced Concrete ........................................................................................ 28 26. Fire Wails and Party Wails ....................................................................... 28 27. Parapets .............................................................................................................. 30 28. Fire Partitions .................................................................................................. 30 29. Protection of Exterior Openings ............................................................... 31 30. Shafts ................................................................................................................. 31 31. Roofing ............................................................................................................... 32 32. Skylights .......................................................................................................... 33 33. Basement Ceil/ngs ............................................................................................ 33 34. Chimneys. Flues and Vents .......................................................................... 34 35. Flues and Vents for Gas Appliances ......................................................... 35 36. Heat Producing Appliances, Heating, Ve~atilating, Air Conditioning. Blower and Exhaust Systems .................................... 38 37. Garages ............................................................................................................. 38 38. Disposal of Waste During Construction Operations ............................ 40 39. Elevators, LLoving Stairways and Amusement Devices ...................... 40 40. Gas Piping ...................................................................................................... 40 41. Plumbing .................................................................................................... 40 42. Electrical Installations ................................................................................ 41 43. Sprinkler Equipments ................................................................................... 41 44. Signs and Outdoor Display Structures .................................................... 42 Appendix Wood Shingles .................................................................................. 43 Publications of the National Board of Fire Underwrkers ......................... 44 IX BUILDING 'CODE SECTION L SCOPE. No building or structure shall hereafter be :onstructed. altered. or removed, nor shall the equipment for the operation of a building, structure or premises be constructed, installed, altered-or reHoved, except in conformity with generally accepted good practice and the prowsions of this code. SECTION 2. BUILDING OFFICIAL. 1 Appointment. (a). The office of building official is hereby created and the executive official in charge shall be known as the building official. (b). Thc building official shal be appointed as required by law. His appointment shall continue during good behavior and satisfac- tory serwce, lie shall not be removed from office except for cause after full opportunity has been given him to be heard on specific charges. (c). During temporary absence or disability of the building official the appointing authority shall designate an acting building official. 2. Duties. It shall be the duty of the building official ro en- force all laws relating to the construction, alteration, removal, and demolition of buildings and structures. 3. Rules. (a). The building official shall promulgate rules as prescribed m this code and consistent therewith, it being the intent of this reqmrement that the standards of federal or state bureaus, national technical organizations or fire underwriters, as the same may be amended from time to time. shall serve as a guide in fixing the minimum rules of practice under this code. (b). For the purpose of securing for the public the benefits of new developments in the building industry and yet insuring public safety: the building official shall make or cause to be made ~nvestigations, or may accept duly authenticated reports from rec- ognized sources, of new materials or modes of construction. tended for use in the construction of buildings or structures in the municipality which are nor provided for in this ~ode. and shaI1 promulgate rules setting forth the conditions under ~vhich such terials or modes of construction may be used. (c). No rule of the building official shall become effective until four weeks after notice of intention to enforce it shaI1 have been g/vqn through the publication in-a newspaper in general circu- lation in the municipality and until a public hearing on the same shall have been held; provided that said public hearing shall nor be necessary unless a request shall have been made for such hear- ing during the said period of publication. Such rule shall be drawn in its proposed lorn- and open to public inspection at the time the aotice to enforce ~s published. (d). Rules promlllgated-as'herein provided shall have the same ~[~rce ~nd effect ~s provisiohs Sf this code (e). Any rule;m//y:be amended o~ rep~iale~l by the same pro- cedure presaribed for the adoption of new rules. SECTION a. :PE ITS, INSPE-C i0 ; OSTma g rm~t o ,. ~ ~ · who mayre mrea ta ~ m~hebmt~ o~i 1 q , p,no~e ro os - ,,. ..... ~: a, ment of the ~atehals t6 bemuse. P e¢ work,, tog~{H~ ~w~.~ ~tate- (b). plied with in his opinion~ of a provision tion is to b~ t/on in coudi- (c), business SECTION 4. The 1949 by the National the generall this code. (a). (b). f6und Unless down property. SECTION 6. PENALTY FOR VIOLATIONS. (a). /x~ person who shall violate a provision of this code or fail to comply therewith or with any of the requirements thereof, or who shall erect, construct, alter or repair, or has erected, con- structed, altered or repaired a building or structure, in violation ol a detailed statement or plan submitted and approved thereunder, or of a permit or certificate issued thereunder, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than 9ne hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and impmsonment. (b). The owner of a building, structure or premises, where anything in violation of this code shall be placed or shall exist, and an architect, builder, contractor, agent, person or corporation em- ployed in connection therewith and who may have assisted in the commission of such violation shall each be guilty of a separate of- fense and upon conviction thereof shall be tiffed as therein provided. (c). The imposition of the penalties herein prescribed shall not preclude tim corporation counsel from instituting an appropriate action or proceeding to prevent an unlawful erection, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, conversion, maintenance or use, or ro restrain, correct or abate a violation, or to prevent the occu- pancy of a building, structure or premises, or to prevent an illegal act, conduct, business or use m or about any premises. SECTION 7. DEFINITIONS. Alteration, as applied to a building or structure, means a change or rearrangement ih the structura~I parts or in ihe exit facilities; or an enlargement, whether by ext~nffing on a side or by increasing in height; or the moving from one' location or position to another; the term "alter" in irs various moods and tenses and its participial ~orms~ refers to the making of an alteration. Amusement device means a mechanically operated device which m used to convey persons m any direction as a form of amusement. Apartment means a room, or a suite of two or more rooms, m a residence building occupied as the home or residence of an indl- viduaI, family or household. Approved, as applied to a material, device or mode of construc- tion, means approved by the building official under the provisions of this code. or by other authority designated by law ro give ap- proval in the matter in question. Area, as applied to the dimensions of a building, ~neans the maximum horizontal projected area of the building at grade. Automatic fire alarm system means a system which automati. cally detects a fire condition and actuates a fire alarm signal device. Basement means a story with floor level 2 feet or more below finished grade. Brick means a solid masonry unit having a shape approximating a rectangular prism, not larger than 12 by 4 by 4 inches. A brick may be made of burned clay or shale, of l~ime and sand, of cement and suitable aggregates, or of fire clay or other approved materials. 3 t/on that is safe and stable and adapted to perma . Building means a combination of:mater/als to £orm a construc- occupancy for public, institutional ~-:~ - _ne.ut or continuous purposes; the term "I~a~H,~i~,, " , -~menqe, business or stora e ........ ~ shall be construed as if followed the words "or part thereof." For the purposes of this code. each portion of a building separated from other portions by a fire wall shall be considered as a separate building. Building official means the officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or his duly authorized representative. Dwelling means a building occupied exclusivelv for residence purposes and having not more than two a artment ' lng or rooming house servin~ not moro ~P- , ~ s, or as. a board- or sleeping accommodations ~r ..... ~ ~a persons with meals both. Fire resistance rating means the time in hours that the material or construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as deter- mined by a fire test made in conformity with the "Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Constru'~tion and Materials," ASTM E11947 Fire retardant ceiling means a ceiling construction which has been proved by test as satisfactory for use as ceiling protection notf°r lessa floorthanOronerOOfhour.COnsrruction which has a fire resmrance rating of Fire retardant treated lumber means lumber which has been treated by a pressure impregnation process to g~ve a flame spread classification of 50 or less according to the m~th ,, Hazard Classification of Buildin* M~ ' ' ..... od for the Fire ~ ~,*~,cr~a~s oI I~nderwriters' Lab- oratories, Inc., and which is shown ro be so classified by a certificate or/abel issued by Underwriters' Laboratories. Garage means a building, shed or enclosure, or a part thereof, in which a~ motor vehicle containing a flammable fluid in its fuel storage tank, is stored, housed, kept or repaired. Grade, with reference to a building, means, when the curb level has been established, the mean elevation of the curb level opposite those walls that are located on. or parallel with and within 15 feet of. street lines; or. when the curu level has not been established. or ali the walls of the buildin ar lin.?, "grade" means th ..... -g, e..more~ than 15 feet f.rom street building on all sides ...... ~,~ e-,evauon oI the ground adjoining the Habitable room means a room occupied by one or sons for living, eating or more per- sleeping; and includes kitchens serving apartments or individual households, but does not include bath- rooms, toilet compartments, laundries, serving and storage pantries, corridors, basement and other spaces that are not used [requently or during extended periods. Height as applied to a building, means the vertical distance from grade to the highest finished rooi surface in the case of roofs, or to a point at.the average height of roofs havin.g a pitch ~ leer; "height" of a building m stories ~f°2~r°et ~hn;~u~eneb~a~e°~n~J, except that in school buildings of ordi- nary, noncombustible or wood frame construction, the basement shall be deemed a story when used for purposes other than storage or heating. Height, as applied tca wall. means the vertical distance to the top measured from the foundation wall, or from a girder or other immediate support of such wall. Hollow masonry unit means a masonry unit whose net cross- sectional area in any plane parallel to the bearing surface is less than 75 per cent of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. Lot means a portion or parcel of land considered as a unit. devoted to a certain use or occupied by a building or a group of buildings that are united by a common interest or use, and the customary accessories and open spaces belonging re the same. Let line means a line dividing one lot from another, or from a street or other public space. Masonry means brick, stone, [ rain concrete, hollow block, solid block or other similar building units or materials, or combinations of them. bonded together with mortar. Reinforced concrete is not classed as masonr~r. Multifamity house means a building occupied as the home or residence of individuals, families or households living independently of each other of ~vhich three or ruore are doing cooking within their apartments: including tenement house, apartment house, flat. Municipality means the governmental unit which has adopted this code under due legislative authority. Place of assembly means a room or space in which provision is made for the seating of one hundred or more persons for religious, recreational, educational, political, social or amusement purposes or for the consumption of feed or drink. Such room or space shall include any occupied connecting room or space in the same story, or in a story or stories above or below, where entrance is common to the rooms or spaces. Prefabricated means composed of sections >r panels fabricated nrmr to erection on the building foundation Shaft means a vertical opening or passage through two or more floors of a building or through floors and roof. Solid masonry means masonry consisting of solid masonry units laid contiguously with the joints ~oetween the units filled with mot- rat. or consisting of plain concrete. Solid masonry unit means a masonry unit whose net cross- sectional area in every plane parallel to the bearing surface is 75 per cent or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. Sprinklered means eqmpped with an approved automatic sprink- ler system properly maintained Street means any public thoroughfare, street, avenue, boulevard. park. lane. terrace, concourse or space 20 feet or more in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use. 5 Walls: beanng wall means a wall which supports any vertical load addition toli~s!o~vn Wei~ht~' ~ pro- ter a~d outer wall in which thd masBnry facing and back- ~ctisn un~Ier Ioad;: :e with of fird or to section and slab. ~ding units and in which load other S or joint service be- which is not at- ,integral part of this code, build- as public lings, business ~okiaI or recrea- halls, halls, club buildings, recreation (b). Institutional building means a building in which persons are harbored to receive medical, charitable or o~her care or treat- ment, or in which persons are held or detained by reason of public or civic duty, or for correctional purposes; including among' others, asylums, homes £or the aged, imspitals, houses of correction, in- firmaries, jails, nurseries, orphanages, penal institutions, reforma- tories and sanitariums. (c). Residence building, except when classed as an institu- tional building, means a building in which sleeping accommodations are provided; including' among others, apartments, club houses, con- vents, dormitories, dwellings, hotels, lodging houses, multifamily houses, studios and tenements. (d). Business building means a building occupied for the trans- action of busines~ for the rendering of professional services, [or the display or sale of goods, wares or merchandise, or for the per- formance of work or labor; including' among others, bakeries, banks, barber shops, chemical laboratories, creameries, electric substa- tions, factories, gasoline service stations, ice plants, laboratories, laundries, markets, office buildings, open air stores, power plants, radio stations, smoke houses, stores, telephone exchanges, tele- vismn stations and work shops. (e). Storage building means a building for the housing, except for purely display purposes, of airplanes, automobiles, railway cars or other vehicles of transportation, for the sheltering of horses, five stock or other animals, or exclusively for the storage of goods, wares or merchandise, nor excluding in any case offices incidental to such uses; including among others, barns, cold storage, freight depots, garages, gasoline bulk stations, grain elevators, hangars and storage warehouses. 2. Mixed Occupancy. Where a minor portion of a building is used for office, study, studio or other similar purpose, the build- ~ng shall be classified as ro occupancy on the basis of the major use. In other cases where a building is occupied for two or more pur- poses nor included in one class, the provisions of this code applying to each class of occupancy shall apply to such parrs of the building as come within that class: and if there should be conflicting provi- stuns, the requirements securing the greater safety shall apply. 3. Doubtful classification. In case a building is no~ specifi- cally provided for, or where there ~s any uncertainty as to its classi- fication, its status shall be fixed by a duly promulgated rule giving due regard to safety. SECTION 9. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION. 1 Types designated. For the purposes of this code, con- struction as used in buildings shall be classified as follows: (a). Fireproof Construction. (b). Semifireproof Construction. (c). Heavy Timber Construction. (d). Ordinary Construction. (e). Noncombustible Construction. (f). Wood Frame Construction. (g'). Unprotected Metal Construction. 7 ~ECTION iff. RESTP,~I;C'I'IONS ON C~ONSTRUCTION WITHIN THE FIRE LIMITS. 1. General restrictions. Except as otherwise provided in sub- section 5 of this section, no building or structure of wood frame con- struction or of unprotected metal censtrtmtion shall be erected ~vithin the limits established by law as the Fire Limits. 2. Alterations. (a). Within the fire limits no building or structure of wood frame construction or of unprotected metal construction shall be hereafter increased in height. (b). VVithin the fire limlts no building or structure of wood frame construction or of unprotected metal construction shall be hereafter extended on any side: unless the construction of such extension conforms to the requirements of this code for new con- struction: and provided that the total area of the building including extension shall nm exceed the allowable area for wood frame construction. (c). '¢~'ithin the fire limits no other building or structure shall be hereafter extended on any side by wood frame construction or unprotected metal construction. (d). Nothing in this section shall Drohibi~ other alterations within the fire limits; provided there is no change of occupancy to a class of occupancy otherwise prohibited. 3. Moving buildings. No building of wood frame construc- tion or unprotected metal construction shall hereafter be moved from without to within the fire limits or within the fire limits. 4. Doubtfullocation. A building or structure shall be deemed to be within the fire limits if one-third or more of the area of such building or structure is located therein. 5. Exceptions. Nothing in this section shall prohibit within the fire limits and subject to the specified limitations, the erection of new buildings or structures nor the extension or enlargement of heretofore erected buildings or structures, of wood frame con- struction or unprotected metal construction, as follows: (a). Frame dwellings not exceeding two stories in height and separated by au least 5 feet from lot line of adjoining property. (b). Gasoline service stations, parking tot offices, real estate offices or similar business structures, of unprotected metal construc- tion, not exceeding 2,500 square feet in area. nor ~more than one story in height, and located at least 10 feet from lot lines. If erected less than i0 feet from the adj'oining lot line, the walls facing such lot lines shall have a fire resistance of not less than one hour. (c). A building of wood frame construction or of un[ rotected metal construction occupied exclusively as a private garage or stable, not more than one story in height nor more than 750 square feet in area, located on the same lot with a dwelling; provided that such building shall be placed at least 3 feet from the lot lines of adjoining property. 8 Outhouses nor more than 8 feet iu height nor more than 100:square feet in area. Greenhouses not more than 15 feet in height erected on t ~vith and accessory to a dwelling or a store. Sheds open on the long side. nor more than 15 feet in hun 500 square feet in area, located at least 5 feet joining lot lines. shanties for use only in connection with a duly · operation and located on the same lot with operation, on a lot immediately adjoining, on an of the building under construction, or on a sidewalk Piazzas or balconies on dwellings, not exceeding 10 feet more than 3 feet above the second story . that no such structure shall be located nearer an adjoining lot line or be joined to a similar struc- Coal upples, ice houses, material bins. trestles and water of planking and timbers of the dimensions specified timber construction. Fences not exceeding [0 feet in height. Display signs as provided in section 12-8(a) and section Roofs over parking lots, of unprotected metal construc- roof is at least 10 feet above the floor, and every 40 feet an open ventilation area 6 feet wide extending either the full the full width of the roof, 11 SPECIAL OCCUPANCY REQUIRE- Institutional buildings. Institutional buildings for occupants involuntarily de- bedridden shah be of fireproof construction or semi- truction. Institutional buildings for occupants which are not invol- or bedridden, when of other than fireproof construc- semifireproof construction, shall not exceed 2 stories in nd shall have floors and partitions with fire resistance ratings less than one hour and with fire retardant ceilings under wood frame construction shall not exceed 1 story in nor 2500 square feet m area: provided that buildings con- from another occupancy to such occupancy shall be exempt restrictions if sprinklered. Theatres and motion picture theatres. Theatres and mbtion picture theatres shall be of fireproof or semifireproof construction, except that portions of uildings not over i story or over 45 feet in height may have tible roof construction }f protected by fire retardant ceilings. No theatre or motion picture theatre shall be located with- to a building of other occupancy unless it is sepa- 9 sBch Other,, ~a~panc~es, by ~vglls ~ad floors o~ non- c~hs~ru~ion ha~ihg fire resistance ratings of not less or varr~ish. there- ceil- over its oLother of of rating of unless the nanways or stores or solid not tess than erected shali SO as which of such shall not exceed semi- construc- construction construction and unprotected metal construction shall not exceed one story nor 35 feet. 5. Residence buildings. For residence buildings, heavy timber construction shall not exceed 75 feet; ordinary construction and non- combustible construction shall not exceed 3 stories nor 45 feet; provided that when the floors immediately over basements are of noncombustible construction havin, g a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, ordinary construction may exceed these heights but shall not exceed 4 stories nor 55 feet; and when in addition, in muttifamily houses which are subdivided by fire partitions into floor areas not exceeding 3.500 square feet, all other floors have a fire re- sistance rating of not less than one hour, ordinary construction may be, but shall not exceec. 5 stories nor 65 feet. Wood frame con- struction and unprotected metal construction shall not exceed 2 stories nor 35 feet; except that dwellings other than prefabricated dwellings shall not exceed 3 sic ties. 6. Busiriess buildings. For business buildings semifireproof construction and heavy timber construct/on shall not exceed 75 feet except that for office buildings semif~reproof construction shall be unlimited; ordinary construction and noncombustible construc- tion shall not exceed 4 stories nor 50 feet; and wood frame construc- tion and unprotected metal construction shall nor exceed 2 stories nor 35 feet. 7. Storage buildings. For storage buildings semffireproof construction shall nor exceed 50 feet: ordinary construction, heavy timber construction and noncombustible construction shall not ex- ceed 35 feet: provided that in buildings which are sprinklered, semi- fireproof and heavy timber construction shall nor exceed 75 feet and ordinary construction and noncombustible construction shall not exceed 50 feet: and wood frame construction and unprotected metal construction shall not exceed one story nor 35 feet. 8. Exceptions. (a). For the purpose of this section, the following appurte- nanc.es shall not be deemed parts of buildings: Church spires, tanks and their supports, roof structures, chimneys, signs attached to the building, radio masts, water cooling towers for air condition- ing or other apparatus, and parapets that do not extend more than 4 feet above the roof surface at their point of contact (b). Outside the fire limits, public buildings, business build- ings, or storage buildings may, in the discretion of the governing body of the municipality, be erected to greater heights than fixed by this section. SECTION 13. AREA RESTRICTIONS. 1. New buildings. Except as otherwise provided in subsec- tion 4 of this section, the building area permitted without suitable subdivfsions by fire wails shall be limited as follows: (a). For fireproof construction and semiflreproof construction. unlimited. (b). For heavy timber constructior_, the area of buildings shall not exceed 6.500 square feet if fronting on one street, nor 8,000 11 square feet if frouting on two streets, nor 10,000 square feet if fronting on three or more streets. (c). For ordinary construction, and for noncombustible con- struction, the area of one-eto~y b~ild/ng-s shall not exceed 6,000 square feet if fronting on one street, 7,500 square feet if fronting on 2 streets, 9,000 square fe~t i~ fronting on 3 streets and 10,500 square feet if fronting on 4 ~tree~s; provided that outside the fire li~nits the area of on~-st~ory buildings of noncbmbustible constrnc- tion shall not be restricted. The permitted areas [or buildings ex- ceeding one story shall not exceed 5.000, 6,000, 7,500, and 9.000 square feet. when fronting on one,.2, 3 and 4 streets, respectively. (d). For wood frame construction the area of buildings shall nor exceed 5.000 squ~re feet. (e). ~'or unprotected metal construction the area of one-story buildings is not restricted; Buildings exceeding one story shall not exceed the area limits speciBed for'n~)ncombt~stible do~tstruction. 2. Street. Under this section a street shall be deemed to in- elude any a-~enue, boulevard, s~reet,¢all~y or lane. 20 feet or greater in width, or any cou~t, parking space oryard, with direct connection ro a street, and not less than 20 feet wide. Such court, parking space or yard shall be the property of the owner of the building and shall not be enclosed or roofed over. 3. Alteration. No building shall be hereafter altered so as to exceed in area in any story the limits fixed in this section. 4. Area modification. (a) The limiting areas fixed in this section may be increased by 100 per cent when the building is sprinklered, and by 200 per cent ~vhen the building is spriuklered and does nor exceed one story nor an average of 25 feet in height to the roof, or to a fire retardant ceiling through which there shall be no openings except openings into shafts or ducts, the enclosing walls of which are of construction equivalent to the ceiling. (b). Outside the fire limits the area of one-story buildings of heavy timber construction, ordinary construction and wood frame construction may be increased 33~ per cent above the areas other- w~se fixed i~ this section, when ali wood structural members, in- eluding columns, wall and partition studs and sheathing, and floor and roof construction, are of approved fire retardant treated lumber as defined in section 7. (c). Outside the congested areas of the munich>ality, when a hazardous condition is nor created thereby, the ar~a of a public building, a business building or a storage building, nor over two stories high, may be increased in excess of the areas fixed by this section, in the discretion of the governing body of the municipality; provided that a building of combus[ible occupancy, or involvmg con- siderable combustible material in its structural parts, shall be sprinklered, and also curtain boards or drafr stops shall be installed as required by the building official. 12 SECTION 14. LIGHT AND VENTILATION. 1. Habitable rooms. (a). Every habitable room shall be provided with natural light and ventilation by one or more windows, opening directly on a street or on a court conforming to subsection $ of this section. (b). Such rooms shall be not less than 7 feet wide in any part. and shall contain nor less than 70 square feet of gross floor area. Such rooms shall have a clear height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches for at least 60 square feet of floor area. 2. Other rooms. Every room. other than a habitable room, used or occupied by persons, except storage rooms with ia£requent occupancy, shall be provided with one or more windows or venli- lating skylights opening directly on a street or on a court conform- mg to subsection 5 of this section; or such rooms shall be provided with an approved means of mechanical ventilation 3. Access to rooms and waterclosets. (a). In multifami!y houses hereafter erected or altered access shall be had to living roms. kitchens and bfidrooms without pass- ing through a bedroom. (b). Access withom passing through a bedroom shall also be provided to at least one water closet, unless every bedroom has direct connection with a water closet or a bathroom having water closet accommodation. 4. Windows. (a). The aggregate glass area of windows required by this section shall be not less than 1 Zl0 of the floor area of the room served by them; [ rovided that in habitable rooms such glass area shall be nor less than 10 square feet, and in bathrooms ur shai! be not less than 3 square feet. (b). Window's or other openings required for ventilation shall have an agiregate openable area of ar least 50 percent of the glass area required for lighting. 5. Courts. Every court or yard if light and ventilation are dependent on such. reqhired by this section ro serve habitable rooms. shall ~aave a width, at any given level, of not less than 1/3 of the helgh~ of such court but not less than 6 feet. SECTION 15. MEANS OF EGRESS. 1. Application of section. Buildings hereafter erected, except dwellings, shall be provided with exit facilities in accordance with the requirements of this section. No building shall be altered so as to reduce the number or capacity of exits to less that required ior new buildings. 2. Exit way defined. (a). "Exit way" means the exit doorway or doorways, or such doorways together with connecting hallways or stairways, either interior or exterior, or fire escapes, by means of which per- sons may proceed safely [rom a room or space to a street or ~o an 13 open space which provides safe access to a street. Exit ways from any room may lead through other rooms of the same tenancy. (b). Two or more separate exit ways may use the same corri- dor or hallway; provided that such corridor or hallway ss enclosed by and separated from exit srmrways and other loarts of the building by partitions having a fire resistance rating of nc;t less than one hour. 3. Number of occupants. (a). The dimensions and capacity of exit ways shall be pro- portioned to the number of persons to be accommodated. (b). When the number of persons to be accommodated by the exit way is not stated in the application for a permit or is nor other- wise fixed, it shall be decided on the basis of the gross area vf the space devoted ro a particular purpose and shall be assumed ro be as follows: G~oss Ax~ OCCUPAnCy PER PERSON Dance hall, lodge room, or place of assembly ...... 15 Sq. Ft. Store street floor and sales basement ............. 30" other floors .................................. 60" Space used for occupancies nor listed above: Public ....................................... ~ ,, Institutional .................................. 150" Residence .................................... 125" Business ........................ Storage ......................... ~.1~" 4. Number of Exits. (a). ~rom roo~s. Every room having'an area exceedi~ 1~0~ square feet or occupied by more than ~00 pe~ons shall have at least two exit ways. (b). Brom stories. Every story shall have ar least one exit way and every story that ~ceeds 2.500 square feet in area shall have at least two separate .exit ways. (c). Apartments. In multifamily houses exceeding ~o stories above the basement, and in every two-story mulfifamily house ha~ng more than 6 apartments usinb a common exit way, eve~ apartment that has not direct exit ~o a street or ro a court opening on a street, shall have access ro ar least one additional exit way sepa- rated from and independent of the prtmary interior stairway or fire 5. Location of exit doorways. Exit doorways shall be so lo- cared that no point in a floor area, room or space served by them is more than I~ feet distant from an exit doorway, measured along the line of ~avel: except that when a floor area is subdivided into smaller areas, such as rooms in hotels, multifamily houses, and office buildings, tee distance ~rom the ]oor of any room, along an unobstructed hallway, ro an exit doorway, shall be nor more than 125 feet, except that hallways above the first story shall not extend ~yond an exit as a dead end more than 50 feet. Where the build- mg is of fireproof construction or semffireproof construction, or the building is sprinklered, the above distances may be increased 50 per cent. 14 6. Enclosures of interior stairways. (a). All interior stairways in buildings connecting two or more stories, whether required as exits or nor, shall be cnbloscd, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d). (b). In unsprinklered buildings which exceed 30 [eet to the floor of the topmost story, or are occupied by more than 75 persons above, or 40 persons below, the first story above grade, not counting those in the first story, and in multifamily houses 4 stories or more in height, interior required stairways shat] be enclosed with fire partitions. (c). In other buildings interior stairways shall be enclosed in partitions having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. In buildings of fireproof construction and semifireproo~ construc- tion such partitions shall be noncombu'stible. (d). An enclosure shall not be required for: (1). A flight o£ stairs from thc main entrance floor to the floor next above ~vhen such stairs are not a part of a required stairway. (2). A flight of stairs in a building of fireproof construc- tion, semifireproof construction, or a sprinklered building of heavy timber construction or ordinary construction or non~ combustible construction, when such stairs cormect only one story with one other story immediately above or below it. In such case the upper end of the stairway shall not connect to a hallway serving as an exit except through a fire door. (3). A flight of stairs from a balcony or mezzanine having an area not exceeding 25 per cent of that of the floor immedi- ately beloxv. (e). Openings. No openings except the necessary doorways, and windows opening to the exterior of the building, shall be per- mitted in a stair enclosure required by this section. ~Such doorways shall be eqmpped with approved self-closing fire doors, except that when fire partitions are not required for the enclosure, substantial self-closing metal or metal covered doors or solid wooden doors of the flush type of nominal thickness not less than 13~ inches may be used. In school buildings, doors on openings in stair enclosures may have wired glass panels; the area of such glass in any one door shall not exceed 720 square inches. 7. Width of interior stairways. The minimum unobstructed width of a stairway serving as a required exit shall be not less than 44 inches; provided that in multifamily houses and storage buildings, and in other buildings occupied by a single tenant and limited in occupancy to 40 persons, such width may be 36 inches. The width of stairs shall be measured between hand rails except where hand rails project not more than 3~/~ inche~ into such -~zidth. 8. Treads and risers. (a). Treads and risers of required stairs shall be so propor- tioned that the product of the width of tread, excluslv~ of nosing, and the height of riser, in inches, shall be not less than 70 nor more than 75: but risers shall not exceed 7~ inches in height, and treads, exclusive of nosing, shall be not less than 9~ inches wide; except that in schools the proportion and dimensions of the ureads and 15 risers may, in the discretion of the building official, be adjusted ro suit the age of the pupils for which the school is intended. Treads and hser~ shall be o~ t~niform width and height in any one story. (b). The use of winders is prohibited in required stairways. 9. Landings. ~, ). No flight of stairs shall have a vertical rise of more than 12 feet between ~loors or'landings; except that in stairways serving as exits in public buildings such vertical rise shall nor exceed 8 feet. (b). The'length and width of landings shall be nor less than the width of stairways in which they occur 10. Handrails. (a). Except for steps in aisles, stairs shall have walls or well secured balustrades or guards on both sides. (b). Such stairs when less than 44 inches in width shall have handrails on at lease one side. (o). Such stairs when required to be z~t i~ches or more in width shall have handrails on both sides. (d). When the required width of a flight of stairs exceeds 88 inches, an intermediate handrail, continuous between landings, se- curely supported and terminating ar the upper end in' newels or standards ar least 6 feet high. with no projections, shall be pro- vided. 11. Exit h~llways. The clear width of every hallway or pas- sage leading to a required exit shall be not tess than at the rate of 12 inches for every 100 persons to be accommodated by the hallway but not less than 44 inches; provided that in multifamily houses or in case less than 40 persons are ro be accommodated, the minimum clear width may be 36 inches. 12. Width of doorways. The aggregate clear width of door- ways serving as required exits shall be nor less than at the rate of 22 inches for every 100 persons to be accommodated. No exit doorway serwng as an exit for more tl~an 40 persons shall have a clear ~vidth of less than 34 inches (nominal 36-inch door.) 13. Hanging of doors. (a). The doors of required doorways shall be so hung and ar- ranged that when fully opened they will nor in any way diminish or obstruct the required width of hallway, stair, or other means of exit. (b). Doorways opening onto a street or to a court or open space communicating with a street, and serving as a required exit way for more than 40 persons shalI have the doors, including the doors of vestibules, so hung as to s~ving open in the direction of exit trave]: but this reqmremenr shal] nor be ~onstrued ro prohibit the use of sliding doors in stables, garages, or shipping and receiving rooms of business buildings and storage buildings. (c). All exit doors ~n rooms occupied bj 40 or more persons and all exit doors in exit ways from places of assembly shall be hung to swing open in the direction of exit travel. (d). No exit door shall open immediately on a flight of stairs. but a landing the length and width of which are nor less than the 16 width of such door. shall be provided between such door and such stairs. (e). Where the size ~f the exit doorway requires two doors in the same opening, the doors shall be so hung as to require no center post in the opemng for the doors to close against. 14. Lighting. Required stairways, hallways and other means of exit including exterior open spaces to or through which exits lead. shalI be kept adequately lighted at all times that the building served thereby is occupied. SECTION 16. FIREPROOF, SEMIFIREPROOF AND HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. Fireproof, semifireproo{ and heavy timber construction shall conform ro generally accepted good practice. The 1949 Edition of the National Building Code recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters shall be deemed the generally accepted good practice for these types of construction. SECTION 17. ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION. ' Definition. Ordinary construction, as applied to buildings, means that in which exterior wails and bearing walls are of masonry or of reinforced concrete, and in which the structural members, in- cluding columns, floors and roof construction, are wholly or partly of *,rood of smaller dimensions than required for heavy timber son- struction, or of steel or iron not protected as required for. semiflre- proof construction. 2. Walls. (a). Exterior walls and all bearing walls shall be of masonry or of reinforced concrete. (b). Exterior walls which are within 3 feet of a lot line along an adjoining area which is or ma/be built upon or which are w/thin 6 feet of another building of other than fireproof or semifireproof construction on the same lot. shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than 3 hours: except that where the total area of the build- ings does not exceed 1~ times the allowable area for any one of the buildings considered such ~re resistance rating shall not be required. 3. Beams, girders and joists. (a). Wooden beams and joists, except headers and tail joists, and except for bearings at joints limited within the allowable stresses provided in this code. shall have bearings of at least 3 inches in length. (b). Wooden trimmers, headers, and tail joists over 6 feet in length, unless supported on wails or girders, shall be hung in proved metal, stirrups or hangers. If wood ~irders are set flush with the floor joists, the joists shall rest in approved metal stirrups or hangers. The ends of joists against the girders shall be securely nailed to the girders. (c). Except in the case of pitched roofs, wooden floor and roof joists having spans in excess ~f 8 feet shall be rigidly braced ~vith continuous rows of bridging at intervals not exceeding 8 feet. I7 (d). Joists shall be doubled under partitions which run over and parallel to the joists, or shall be designed for the load. (e). The ends of wooden beams and joists resting on masonry shall be cut to a bevel of 3 inches in th'eir depth. (f). Wooden ioists, beams and girders resting on opposite sides of a masonry wall shall be separated from one another by at least 6 inches of solid masonry. (g). ~Vhen a wooden girder rests on masonry an air space of ~ inch shall be provided on the sides and end ot such girder for ventilation, and each wall bearing end of a girder shall be cm on a bevel. 4. Anchorage. (a). Ali trimmers and at }east one beam or joist in every six feet regting on masonry walls, shall be secured ro such wails by approved metal anchors attached at or near the bottom ina moaner ro be self-releasing. Each end of a trimmer, beam or ioist that is supported by a girder, shall be secured or tied in an approved manner ro such girder or to a trm~mer beam or joist correspond- ingly supported h-om the opposite side of such girder. Anchors and ties shall be so arranged as to form continuous ties between opposite masonry ~valls. (b). Where floor or roof ioists or beams run parallel to ma- sonry wails such wails shall be secured to 4 or more joists of the floor or roof construction by approved metal anchors ar maximum intervals of 8 feet for dwellings, and 6 feet in other buildings. (c). Wall plates and roof construction shall be anchored to the walls at least every 6 feet. (d). Wooden girders shall be anchored to the wails and fas- tened m each other with suitable stdel straps placed near the bottom of the girder. 5. Load-bearing partitions. (a). Load-bearing partitions shall be the eqmvalent of 2 x 4- inch studs, nominal dimensions, spaced not to exceed 16 inches on centers with the larger dimension perpendicular ro the wall, Ail openings shall have studs doubled on each side and if more than 3 feet and 6 inches wide they shall be trussed over or shall have lintels of sufficient size to carry the load (b). Load-bearing stud partitions shall have top plates not smaller than double 2 x 4-inch, nominal dimensions, and shall be set over girders or other partitions below, with the space between the ceiling and the floor above firestopped with solid 2-inch, nominal thickness plank, or with noncombustible material. 6. Wooden columns. (a). Wooden columns in the several stories of a building, shall be set directly above one another, on top of the column below. (b). The loads on wooden columns shall be transmitted to the columns below through reinforced concrete or metal caps with brackets, or through metal caps and bases with pintle connections or other approved column connections; provided that wooden bol- sters may be used to support roof girders. 18 (c). Woode~.columns shall not rest directly on floor joists. (d). When supported by masonry, suitable stone or metal bases shall be set bet~reen the column and the masonry. 7. Firestopping. (a). When the wails are furred, the space created by the fur- ring shall be f[rest0pped with noncombustible material at floors, ceilings and roofs. The firestoppmg shall be the full thickness of the furring and extend from the ceiling to the underside of the flooring or roof. (b). When joists run parallel to the wall the space between the wall and nearest joist shall be not less than 1 inch and shall :be solidly filled with masonry or approved noncombustible material. (c). Interior stud partitions shall be firesropped at the floors and ceiling of each story by a 2-inch nominal dimension, wood plate, the width of the stud. or the equivalent. (d). When sliding doors are pocketed in partitions, such pockets shall be completely firestopped at the top, bottom and ends. with noncombustible material or with wood not less than 2 inches in thickness nominal dimension. (e). Joists shall be firestopped at the ends and over supports for the full depth of the joists with noncombustible material or with wood not less than 2 inches in thickness, nominal dimension. (f). No firestopping shall be covered or concealed until in- spected by the building official. 8. Bay windows and show windows, Bay windows and show windows that extend beyond exterior wails shall be constructed of noncombustible materials: except that show windows that do not extend above the second story floor level and bay windows on d~vellings may be constructed of wood; when such bay windows of woe :I are more than 10 feet in width they shall be covered on the exterior surfaces with metal or other *[pproved nonccmbustibl~, weatherproof materials. 9. Mansard roofs. Mansard or other slanting roofs having a pitch of more than 60° from the horizontal, hereafter placed on a building over 40 leer in height, shall be of fireproof construction or semifireproof construction. 10. Draft stops in attic spaces. Attic spaces shall be divided into areas of 3.000 square feet or less by tight draft stops; these shall be of 2 thicknesses of l-inch lumber with joints broken or the equiva- lent. with access doors of similar construction. SECTION 18. NONCOMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION. 1. Definition. Noncombustible construction, as applied ro buildings, means that in which all structural members, including floors, roofs and their supports, are of steel, iron. concrete, or o~ other noncombustible materials and in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. 2. Walls. Exterior enclosure wails shall provide a durable and stable weatherproof exterior. 19 shall be of ~stible construction of of not ~ired ro be fire t the erection of rem- glass within rest on noncombustible to build- are wholly constructed to develop not less than ; inches (~n centers with braced with the necessary s studs not over 10 feet an exterior wall line along an adjoining of noncombustible con- not Iess than two hours; ~ be similar to than 6 feet distant from the same a fire resistance s material of the exterior walls of area of the two area fixed by this shall not be 8 inahes above adjacent : -,, SECTION 2t~ WOR~A~SHIP1 AND MATERIALS All building materials shall be 'of good quality. Workmanship 'in t~he fabrication oreparation and in~taHa~i0n ~>f materials shall conform to generally accepted~g0od prachee~ SECTION 22. DESIGN LO~DS, STRESSES AND WIND PRESSURE. , 'Buildings 9r structures, ~chtding l:anks towers and signs here- ~te,r erected and all new constrachon m the alteration o~ heretofore ~c~t~d ~shildi~g~' or stmcl~res[~hal~ be dels~gned and constructed for ~i~ £~d d~,ad~ lbads a~d ~in~ p~:~surds .in'accordance with the ~liM Building Codd, 1949 ~c~tloii ~cecommended by the National t~oard of Fire Underwriters, and w~tk resultmg stresses not m ex- cess o~ those permitted by sald~ocie.: 'SECTION 23. FO~UND~ATIONS. : Except when erected upon har4pan or solid rock or upon walls ~!f piers>on the water front~ fo/~nd~itign walls or other permanent supports shall be carried-not less ~ban one foot below frost line amd shall rest on solid ground *r on leveled rock, or on piles or rangi~ timbers when solid earth or rock is not found; provided that when one-story buildings of wood frame construction ordinary construction, noncombustible construction or unprotected metal ~ongtruction do not exceed 750 square feet in area, such foundation wails or other permanent supports shall not be requ{red. ~S~CTION 24~ MASONRY. 1. Construction. (a). All masonry shall be protected against freezing for az least 48 hours after being placed. Unless adequate precautions against freezing are taken, no masonry shall be built when the tem/)erature is below 32°, Fahrenheit on a rising temperature or bA16~v 40© on a falling tsmperature, at the point where the work is in p~-ogress. No frozen ina~e~ials s~alI be guilt upon. (b). Except when carried independently by girders at each floor, no wall shall be built Up more than 25 feet in height in advance of other wails of the building. (c). Masonry walls th~at meet or intersect shall be adeguately bohde~ or anchored. Piers' imving less than 4 square feet o~ cross- sectional area when located at an intersection w-ith a wall shall be bonded into and built as par~ of that walb (d). Except for window-paneled backs and permissible chases and recesses, wails shall not vary m thickness between their lateral supports When a change 5n thickness, due to minimum thickness requirements, occurs between floor levels, the greater thickness shall be carried u9 to the higher floor level. (e). Isolated piers or posts on the interior of buildings shall not be built of stone. The unsupported height of piers shall nor exceed I0 times their least dimension. Hollow masonry units shall not be used for isolated piers to support beams and girders unless 22 ~Iid!y filled with concre;e o~ ~p¢ A mortar in which case the ~il~y~tble load may be increas&d~ 25 .per cent. (£)' Door and window openings in walls shall be spanned by ~dl thu}tressed arches, or by lintels having bearings proportioned ihe{r4oads but not less than 4 inches. (~); No masonry, except for interior partitions, shall be sup- ~d'on woodfn girders or other form of wood construction. (h). No timber other than nailing blocks not exceeding 2 by 4 fig ]nches in size, shall be placed in masonry walls; except that in 5}ldings of ordinary construction, timber lintels may be placed ~r openings, on the inside of the wall, resting at each end not more ?ri,two inches on the wall, and chamfered or cut to serve as ~kti'¢s {or masonry arfhes; and with the further exception that ~r members used mr decorative purposes may be set against masonry, or may be set into the masonry where the wall exceeds ~'ches in thickness. · (i)' During erection, walls shall be adequately braced and ar~oe~temporarily supported. Mortar. Mortar used in masom:y construction shall be propor- accordance with the following table: -~ortar Proportions Proportions by Volume ~¢[ortar Hydrated Aggregate, ~ype Lime or measured in Cement Lime dam[ and loose Putty condition A 1 (Portland) 0 to ~ Not over 3 parrs B 1 (Portland) 1 to l~/2a Not over 6 parrs B 1 (3/fasonry 0 ~ot over 3 parrs Type II*) C 1 (Portland] 2 to 2~/a N-ot over 9 parrs C t (Masonry 0 Not over 3 parrs Type I*) D 0 ro ~ Fort~ 1 to 1~ Not over3parts land) = As defined in Federal Specification SS-C-181 ,5. Masonry Cement. (b). Type of mortar required. Masonry shall be laid in Type A. Type B or Type C mortar, except as follows: Type A mortar skall be used in foundation walls of hollow masonry units, and in nominal 10-inch cavity walls. Type A or Type B mortar shall be used in footings, foundation walls o£ solid masonry units, isolated piers, load bearing or exterior wails of hollow masonry units, hollow walls and cavity walls ex- c~&dlng 10-inch nominal thickness. Type D mortar may be used in solid masonry walls, other than parapet wails or rubble stone walls, nor in contact with the 23 soil and not less than 12 inches thick nor more than 35 feet in height, provided the walls are laterally supported at intervals nor exceed- ing 12 times the wall thickness. Gypsum partition tile and block shall be laid in gypsum mor- tar. Non-bearing partitions and fireproofing- of structural clay tile may be laid in gypsum mortar. Fire brick shall be laid in fire clay' mortar. 3~ Solid masonry walls, except stone walls. (a). Thickness of Bearing Wails. (1) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs {2~ to (6) below, the minimum thickness oi solid masonry bearing walls other than fire walls and parry walls shall be not less than 12 inches for the uppermost 35 feet of their height, and shall be increased 4 inches for each successive 35 feet or fraction thereof measured downward from the toj of the wail. (2) -Where solid masonry bearing walls are stiffened at dis- fauces nor greater than 12 feet apart by cross walls, or by internal or external offsets or returns at least 2 feet deep. or 12 feet vertically by reinforced concrete floors or roof, they may be 12 inches thick for the uppermost 70 feet, measured downward from the top of the wall, and shall be increased 4 inches in thickness for each successive 70 feet or fraction thereof. (3) In residential buildings no~ more than 3 stories in height, solid masonry bearing wails may be g inches thick when not over 35 feet in height. Wails in one-story dwellings and one-story private garages may be 6 inches thick when not over 9 feet in height, except that the height to the peak of a gable may be 15 feet. (4) Solid masonry bearing walls of business buildings and stor- age buildings not more than one story high, may be 8 inches thick: provided they are reinforced at intervals, not exceeding 20 feet. by cross walls, piers or buttresses. (5) Outside of the fire limits solid masonry bearing walls. 8 inches thick, may be used for buildings nor exceeding 30 feet nor 2 stories in height, the walls of which, under this code. could be ~f wood frame construction: provided they do not exceed 50 feet m length between cross walls, piers, or buttresses (6) Solid masonry bearing walls above roof level, 12 feet or less in height, enclosing penthouses or roof structures may be 8 inches thick and may. be considered as neither increasing the height nor requiring any increase in the thickness of the wall belo~v, provided the requirements for allowable stresses are met. (b). Thickness of Non-bearing Exterior walls. The thickness of non-bearing exterior walls, except fire walIs and parry walls. shall be not less than 8 inches for the uppermost 15 feet. and shall increase ~ inches in thickness for sach successive 35 feet or fraction thereof measured downward from the top of the wall. (c). Lateral Support. Solid masonry walls shall be supported at right angles to the wall face at intervals not exceeding 20 times the nominal wall thickness if laid in Type A, B, or C mortar, and not exceeding 12 times the nominal wall thickness if laid in Type D mortar. Such lateral support shall conform to subsection 10 of this section. 24 (d). Bond. The facing and backing of solid masonry bearing wails shall be bonded so that not less than 4 per cent of the wail sur- face is composed of full length headers. The distance bet~veen adja- cent full length headers shall not exceed 24 inches either vertically or horizontally. In solid brick wails more than 12 inches thick the inner joints of header courses shall be covered with anothdr header course which shall break joints with the course beiow, The facing and backing of solid masonry non-bearing ~valls shall be bonded as required above fo~ bearing wails or shall be bonded with corrosion- resistant metal ties spaced not farther apart than 16 inches vertically and 24 inches horizoutally. (e). Other Requirements. (1) Under-burned clay bricks shall not be used m any part of a building or structure where exposed to the weather nor in isblated piers, nor in 'such part of a bearing wall above which the Wall extends more than 40 feet. (2) Clay or shale brick laid in Type A or Type B mortar shall be wet immediately before being lai~ except ;that very h~rd or vitrified brick need not be wetted. (3) Horizontal and vertical joints'in brick masonry shall be filled w/th mortar. (4) Except in dwellings interior bearing walls that are less than 12 inches in thickness and support wooden floor or roof joists, shall be corbeled not less than 3 inches to receive such joists, unless ap- proved metal joist hangers are used. 4. Stone Walls. (a). Thickness. (il The mmnnurn thickness of walls of stone ashlar shall be not less than that required for solid masonry walls in subsection 3 of this section, (2} Rubble stone walls shall be 4 inches thicker than is re- quired for solid masonry walls in subsection 3 of this section, but shall not be less than 16 inches thick, and shall not exceed 40 feet in height. (b). Lateral support. Stone wails shall conform to the re- quirements for lateral support of other solid masonry walls in sub- section 3 of this section. (c). Bond. (! In ashlar masonry, bond stones uniformly distributed shall be provided ro the extent of not less than 10 per cent of the area and having not less than 4 inches o~ bond into the backing masonry. 2) Rubble stone masonry 24 inches or less in thickness shall have bond stones with a maximum spacing of 3 feet vertically and horizontally, and if the masonry is of greater thickness than 24 inches shall have one bond stone for each 6 square feet of wall surface on both sides and no header stone shall be less than 12 inches long measured at right angles to the face of the masonry. (d). Natural Beds All stones showing pronounced cleavage shall be laid on their natural bed. except for cornices and other pro- jecting members which shall have the grmn or bedding planes verti- cal and at right angles to the face of the masonry. 25 5. Walls of hollow masonry units. (a). Thickness and height. g, (~) The minimum thicknes~ of walls of hollow masonry units bM1 be not less than that r~equired for solid masonry walls in sub5 section 3 of this section. (2) Walls of hollow masonry units shall not exceed 50 feet in ~e~ght.' (b). Lateral support. Walls of hollow masonry units shall be supporte(~ at right angles to the wall face ar intervals no~ ex- ceeding 18 times the nominal wall thickness Such Iateral support shall ~onform to subsection l0 of this section. (c). Bond. (1) Hollow masonry units shall have fuI1 mortar coverage of the f~ce shells in both the horizontal and vertical ioints. (2) Where two or more Hollow units are used to make up the thickness of a wall, the inner and outer courses shall be bonded at vertical intervals nor exceeding 3 feet, by lapping at least 4 inches over .the unit below or by lapping with tlnits at least 50 per cent greater in thickness than .the unit 'below at vertical intervals not exceeding 17 inches, (3) Brick facing or lining (which does not include veneering) When-used in hollow block wails shall be bonded to the backing in accordance with paragraph (d~ of subsection 3 Df this section. (4) Where walls of hollow masonry units are decreased m thickness, s course of solid masonry shall,be interposed between the wall below and the thinner wall above, or the hollow units in the top course of the thicker wall shall be filled solidly wifh mortar or masoury. (d). Bearing: In walls and piers of hollow masonry units, suitable provision shall be made for proper bearing at the ends of ali beams and at points of load concentration. 6. Cavity wails and hollow walls. (a). Heightand thickness. (1) Cavity walls and hollow wails shall not exceed 35 feet in height. Cavity wails, exclusive of the cavity, and hollow walls shall be not less in thickness than required for solid masonry walI~ in subsection 3 of this section. (2~ In cavity wails, neither the facing nor backing shall be less than 33/~ inches in nominal thickness and the cavity shall be not less than 2 inches nor more than 3 inches in width. (b). Lateral support. Cavity walls shall be supported at right angles to the wall fa :e at intervals not exceeding 14 times, and hol- low wails at intervals nor exceeding 18 times the nominal wall thickness. Such lateral support shal- conform to subsection 10 of this section. (c). Bond, i) In hollow walls the parts of same shall be connected by bonds .of brick, stone or the material of the wall, placed not more than 24 inches apart in either direction: but the parts shall not be deemed to act together in the support of loads unless such bonds are of a s~ze and design to fully develop the strength of either part. 26 (2) In cavity ~valls the facing and backing shall be securely tied together with suitable bonding ties of adequate strength. A 3/16-inch diameter steel rod or metal tie of equivalent stiffness coated with a noncorroding metal or other approved protective coat- lng shall be used for each 3 square feet of wall surface. Where hol- low masonry units are laid with the cells vertical, rectangular ties shall be used; in other walls the ends of ties shall be bent ~o 90 degree angles ro provide hooks uot less than 2 inches long. Ties shall be embedded in horizontal ioints of facing and backing. Addi- tional bonding ties shall be provided ar all openings, spaced not more than 3 feet apart around the perimeter and within 12 inches of the opening. Cavity wails of plain concrete shall be reinforced as provided for solid walls of plain concrete in subsection 9 of this section. (d). Bearing. (1) In hollow wails or cavity wails suitable provision shall be made at each line of floor beams and wherever load concentrations occur, to insure proper bearing. (2) When cavit7 ~valls or. hollow walls, in which the cells of hollow units are laid vertical, are de~reased in thickness, the units in the lop course of the thicker wall shall be filled solidly with mortar or masonry or the exposed openings in such top course shall be covered with slabs of hard burned tile or concrete at least oue inch in thickness or the openings may be stopped in some other approved manner. (e). Drainage. In cavity walls the cavity shall be kept clear of mortar droppings during construction. Approved flashing shall be installed and adequate drainage provided to keep dampness away from the backing. 7. Faced walls. (a). Material. Materials used for facing shall be not less than 2~ inches thick, and in no case less iu thickness than ~ the height of the unit. (b). Allowable stresses. Where bonded to the backing as pre- scribed below, the full cross section of both the facin~ and the back- lng may be considered in computing the stresses. (c). Thickness. Faced wails shall be not less iu thickuess than is required for masom9r wails of either of the types forming the [acing and the backing. Where bonded ro the backing as prescribed below, the facing may be considered a parr of the wall thickness. (d). Bond. (1) Brick facing shall be bonded to the backing as prescribed for solid masonry walls in subsection 3 (d) of this section. (2~ Ashlar facing of either namral or cast stone shall have at least 20 per cent Of the superficial area extendin~ not less than 4 inches into the backing to form bond stones, which shall be uni- formly distributed throughout the wall. (3/ When wails of hollow masonry units are faced with hollow units, the facing units shall be bonded to the backing as required for wails of hollow masonry units in subsection 5 (c) of this section. 8. Attachment of stone facing. ~very projecting stone, and. except when alternate courses are full bond courses, every stone nor 27 a bond stone shall be securely anchored to the backing with corro- sion resistant metal anchors with a cross section of not less than 0.2 square inch. There shall be at least 1 anchor to each stone and not less than 2 anchors for each stone more than 2 feet in length and 3 square feet in superficial area. Facing stones not over 12 square feet [n area shall have at least 1 anchor ro each 4 square feet of super- ficial face area. 9. Solid walls of plain concrete. (a). Thickness. The minimum thickness of walls ot plain con- crete may be 2 inches less than that required for solid masonry walls. but not less than 8 inches, except that 6-inch walls may be used where specificaliy permitted by subsection 3 (a) (3) of this section. (b). Lateral support Solid walls of plain concrete shall be supported at right angles to the wall face at intervals not exceeding 20 times the nominal wall thickness. Such lateral support shall conform to subsection I0 of this section. (c). Reinforcement around opemngs. Reinforcement sym- metrically disposed in the thickness of the wall shall be [ laced not less than ~ inch above and 2 inches below openings and extend no1 less than 24 inches each side of such openings or be of equivalent length with hooks. The reinforcement both above and below shall consist of one ~-inch round rod for each 6 inches in wall thickness or fraction thereof. I0. Lateral support. The lateral support required by subsec- tions 3.4. 5.6 and 9 of this section shall be either vertical or hori- zontal. It may be Obtained by cross walls, [ iers. or buttresses, when the limiting distance is measured horizontally, or by floors and roofs }vhen the limiting distance is measured vertically. Sufficient bond- mg or anchorage shall be provided between the ~valls and the sup- ports to resist the assumed ~vind force, acting either inward or out- ward. Piers or buttresses relied upon for lateral support shall have sufficient strength and stability to transfer the wind force, acting in either direction to the ground. When walls are dependent upon floors or roofs for their lateral support, pro~ismn shall be made in the building to transfer the lateral forces co the ground. SECTION 25. REINFORCED CONCRETE. (a). Average concrete for reinforced c ~ncrete shall consist of l part portland cement and not more than 6 parts, aggregate, by volume measured dry, and not more than 7~ gallons of water per sack. 94 pounds, of cement The aggregate shall be mixed in an approximate ratio of 2~ parrs fine aggregate and 3~ parts coarse aggregate. (b). The National Building Code, 1949 Edition. Recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. shall be deemed to be the generally accepted good [ractice in reinforced concrete con- struction. SECTION 26. FIRE WALLS AND PARTY WALLS. 1. Construction. (a), Fire walls and party walls of masonry shall be laid in Type A or Type B mortar. 28 (b). Fire walls and party walls shall be constructed of solid masonry umts. or of hollow masonry units faced on each side with brick, o[- of reinforced concrete. (c). Where structural members project into hollo~v masonry units the hollow space shall be filled with noncombustible material the full thickness of the wall and 4 inches or more above, between and below such members. 2. Thickness of solid masonry walls except panel walls. (a). For business buildings and storage buildings, fire wails and party wails of solid masonry units shall be nor less than 16 inches thick for the uppermost 50 feet and increase 4 inches in thick- ness for eack additional 35 feet or fraction thereof measured down- ward from the top of the wall; except that where the wails are non-bearing, or where beams or girders are supported on the wall by approved metal hangers and do not enter the wall the minimum thickness may be i6 inches for the uppermost 70 feet. (b). Fcr other buildings, fire walls and parry walls of solid masonry units shall be not Iess than 12 inches thick for the upper- most 35 feet and increase 4 inches in thickness for each additional 35 feet or fraction thereof measured downward from the top of the walh 3. Thickness of brick-faced hollow masonry walls. Fire walls and party walls of hollow masonry units [aced on each side with ar leasi 4 inches of brick shall have a total thickness including the [acing nor less than 4 inches greater than specified in subsection 2 above for st lid masonry walls 4. Thickness of reinforced concrete walls except panel walls. (a). For business buildings and storage buildines, fire wails and party walls of reinforced concrete shall be not less than [1 inches thick for the uppermost 35 feet and increase 2 inches in thick- ness for each successive 35 feet or fraction thereof measured down- ward from the top of the wall. (b). ]5'or other buildings, fire wails and party wallk c f rein- forced concrete shall be not less than 9 inches thick for the upper- most 35 feet and increase 2 inches in thickness for each successive 35 feet or fraction thereof measured downward from the rop of the wall. 5, Exception to thickness requirements for panel walls. Where fire wails or parry wails are constructed as panel wails in a framework of columns and girders protected as required ~or fire- [roof construction and no panel has a height between supports greater than 12 feet, they may be of solid masonry not less than 12 inches thick or of reinforced concrete not less than 8 inches thick. 6. To be carried to or above the roof. Fire walls and parry wails shall extend at least 3 feet above the roof; except where the roof is of fireproof or semifireproof construction in which case the fire wails and party walls shall be carried up tightly against the uhderside of the roof slabs. 7. Size and protection of openings. (a). Except in sprinklered buildings, no opemng'in a fire wall shall exceed 120 square feet in area with no dimension greater than 29 12 feet. and the aggregate width o{ all openings ar any level shall not exceed 25 per cent of the length of the wail. (b). Every opening in a required fire wall shall be protected on each side of the wall with an approved automatic or self-closing fire door; provided that when a fire ~vall serves also as a horizontal exit it shall have no openings other than door openings nor exceed- ing 48 square feet in area, and c ne of the fire doors at each opening shall be a self-closing fire door. SECTION 27. PARAPETS. (a). Except as listed below, parapets shall be provided Dn al! fire walls, party walls, and exterior walls of masonry or remforcen concrete. Parapets are not required on: (1) Walls connecting with roofs o{ fireproof construction or semifireproof construction; (2) A wall of a building the roof of which is ar least three feet lower than the roof of, or any opening in. an adjacent build- ing wall: 3) Walls facing on a street having a width of 30 feet or more; (4) Walls of a building which is 30 feet or more distant in all directions from property lines and from other buildings on the same property; (i) W'alls of a building which is 30 feet or more distant in all directions from property lines but less than 30 {eot distant total area c [ the buildings with not exceed 1~ times the allowable area {or any one of tlne buildings considered: (6) YVails of a detached dwelling, or of a building noz exceeding 1.000 square feet in area; (7) Wails of a building where the roof has an angle of more than 20° with the horizontal. (b). 'In dwellings and in buildings in which 8-inch walls are permitted, such parapets shall be not !ess than 8 inches thick and carried at least two feet above the roof. (c). In all other buildings such parapets shall be not less than 12 inches thick, and carried not less than 3 feet above the roof. (d). Parapets shall be properly coped, with noncombustible,. . weatherproof material and flashed w~th the flashing extending through the parapet wall under the coping. All corners of all para- pet walls shall be reinforced with at least one ¼-inch round bar in every third joint, continuous around the corne~ and extending into the masonry a~ least 3 feet from the corner. SECTION 28. FIRE PARTITIONS. 1. Construction. ire artitions shall have fire resistance ratings of at least (a). F' ? - ,, ~ ~onstructed of masonry or rein{or.c, ed two hours. '7'3 Y z ~^-m of construction of noncombustible concrete, or otlxer approveu ~u~ shall conform to materials. Fire partitions used for load bearing 30 ~ - .: :'s~ory~from, commun:icatin~ ,ho any: other'Story; provided that in .:buildings'of heavy timber corldtructioii:t:here~shaI1 be no floor open- protected as pres~rih,ecl in this secti6n or in some manner. ly to all shafts or Other purpose, except shafts in building~ of and ramps in garages ~ of shafts in residence ~mbustible construction a fire resistance rating wails of shafts in other a fire re- no openings other ;haft: provided that in ~r m every 30 feet of shall be prorecte4 with )roved fire windows. the roof which are to with a skylight of at least and glazed with be equivalent area in the side than 2 feet ahove ,t line within l0 feet, o¢ the roof shall have a fire resistance extend to the point with a equired for the lowest cc astruction ss than one hour. Compartments contain- shall be separated from the having a fire re- ¢ith door opemngs eqmpped Nor more than 3 elevators on a building shall be coy- concrete: tile. slate metal, shingles, or of built-up or graye] or other approved (b). Except where roofing is of a character permitting attach- ment direct to frame work. it shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck. (c). Roofings ~vhich are listed as Class A or B roof covenng materials by Underwriters' Laboratories. Inc., shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this section. (d). :Roofings which are listed as Class C roof covering ma- terials by Under~vriters' Laboratories. Inc., shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this section on buildings as follows: (1) Dwellings. (2) Buildings of wood frame construction. (3) Buildings located outside the fire limits which do not exceed 2 stories or 30 feet in height, nor 2500 sq. ft in area, and are nor occupied as stores, factories or warehouses. (4) Buildings which under this code could be of wood frame construction. See Appendix re wood shingles. (e), The use of cork. fiber board or other approved insula- t/on is permitted on top of the roof deck provided such [niulation is covered with an approved type of fire resisuve roof covering plied directly thereto. (f). No roofing on an existing roof shall be renewed or re- paired to a greater extent than one-tenth of the roof surface, except in conformity with the requirements of this section. SECTION 32. SKYLIGHTS. (a). Skylights placed over shafts, vent shafts and stair en- closures shall be glazed with plain glass not more than ~ of an tach in thickness. (b). Skylights other than as specified above, which are re- clined less than 60° from the horizontal, hereafter placed on a build- lug shall have the sashes and frames thereof constructed of metal and glazed with wired glass: except that skylights in ~oundries or buildings where acid fumes are present, may be of Wood by special permission of the building official. (c). Every skylight in which plain glass is used shall be pro- tected by a substantial wire screen with wire not lighter than num- ber 12 gauge and having a mesh nor less than 34 of an inch nor larger than 1 inch, placed not less than 4 inches nor more than 10 inches above the glazed portion of the skylight at all points. Such screen shall extend beyond the glazing on all sides a distance nor less than the height of the screen above the glazing. (d). When a skylight is located over a stairway, public hall- way or a [:lace of assembly, a similar screen shall also be placed below the skylight, unless there is an intermediate ceiling light. SECTION 33. BASEMENT CEILINGS. In buildings except dwellings and one-story buildings outside of the fire limits, the ceilings over basements shall be fire retardant ceilings unless such basements are sprinklered. 33 SECTIG!~I 34. CHIMNEYS, FLUES.AND VENTS. 1. Flue connections required. Every heating apparatus or heat producing appliance requiring a flue connection shall be con- nected With a flue conforming to the provisions of this section or of sectio~ 35. This shall not include electric 'applhances; gas appli- ances, except as specifically required in section 35, nor oil fired appliances especially designed for use without flue connection. 2. Use of nonconforming flues. Flues not conforming to the requirements of this section ~or chimneys, nor with generally ac- cepted good practice for metal smokestacks, nor with section 35, vents for gas appliances, shall not be used unless listed by Under- writers' Laboratories, Inc. and installed in full compliance with the hst~ng and the manufacturer ~ instructions, and such use ~s approved by the building official. 3. Construction. (a). Chimneys shall extend at least 3 feet above the highest point where they pass through the roof of the building and at least 2 feet higher than any ridge within 10 feet of such chimney. (b). No chimney shall be corbeled from a wall more than 6 inches; nor shall a chimney be corbeled [rom a wall which is less than 12 inches in thickness unless it projects equally on each side of the ~vall; provided that in the second story of 2-story dwellings corbelling of chimneys on the exterior of the enclosing wails may equal the wall thickness. In every case the corbeling shall not exceed one inch projection for each course of brick projected. (c). No change in the size or shape of a chimney, where the chimney passes through the roof. shall be made within a distance o~ 6 inches above or below the roof ioists or rafters. 4. Chimneys for heating appliances, low heat industrial ap- pliances and portable type incinerators. (a). Chimneys for stoves, cooking ranges, warm air, hot water and low pressure steam heating furnaces, fireplaces, and low heat industrial appliances, other than chimneys for incinerators of non- portable type, shall be constructed of solid masonry units or of reinforced concrete. The walls shall be properly bonded or tied with corrosion resistant metal anchors. In dwellings and buildings of like heating reqmrements the thickness of the chimney walls shall be not less than 4 inches. In other buildings the thickness shall be not less than 8 inches, except that rubble stone masonry shall be nor less than 12 inches thick. (b). Every such chimney hereafter erected or altered st~all be . lined with a flue Iining conforming to the reqmrements below. (c). Flue linings shall be made of fire clay or other refractory clay which will withstand the action of flue gases and resist without softening or cracking, the temperatures to which they will be sub- jected, but not less than 2.000© Fahrenheit or of cast iron of ap- proved quality, form and construction (d). Required clay flue linings shall be not less than s~ of an inch thick for the smaller flues and increasing in thickness for the larger flues. (e). Flue linings shalI be installed ahead of the construction of the chimney as it is carried up. carefully bedded one on the other 34 in type A. type B or fire clay mortar with close fitting joints left smooth on the inside (f). Flue linings shall start from a point not less than 8 inches below the intake, or in the case of fireplaces, from the throat of the fireplace. They shal[ extend, as nearly vertically as possible. for the entire height of the chimney and be extended 4 inches above the top or cap of the chimney. (g)..Cteanouts for flues or fireplaces shall be equipped with cast iron dc ~rs and frames arranged to remain tightly closed when not in use. (h). When two or more flues are contained in the same chim- ney, at least every third flue shall be separated by masonry at least 4 inches thick bonded into the masonry wall of the chimney. Where flue linings are nor so separated, the joints of adjacent flue linings shall be staggered at least 7 inches, ' 5. Use of flues, Chimneys or flues installed for the use of gas appliances but which are not suitable for solid or liquid rue}s, shall be plainly and permanently labeled, "THIS FLUE IS FOP, THE USE OF GAS BURNING APPLIANCES ONLY." The label shall be attached at a point near where the vent pipe enters the chimney, or with a type B gas vent used in place of a chimney, at a point near where the type B gas vent enters a wall. floor or ceiling. 6. Fireplaces. fa). The back and sides of fireplaces hereafter erected shall be of solid masonry or reinforced concrete, nor less than 8 inches m thickness. A lining of fire brick at least 2 inches thick or other approved material shall be provided unless tlie thickness is 12 inches. (b). Fireplaces shall have hearths of brick, stone, tile or other approved noncombustible material supported on a fireproof slab or on brick trimmer arches. Such hearths shall extend au least 20 inches outside of the chimney breast and not less than 12 inches beyond each side of the fireplace opening along the chimney breast. The combined thickness of hearth and supporting construction shall be not less than 6 inches at any point. (c). Wooden forms or centers used in the construction of that part of the supporting construction which is below the hearth of the fireplace shall be removed when the supporting construction of the hearth is completed. (d), Spaces between the cb~imney and joists, beams or girders and any combustible materials shall be firestopped by filling with noncombustible material, SECTION 35. FLUES AND VENTS FOR GAS APPLI- ANCES. t. Flue connections required. Every gas appliance shall be connected to an effective flue extending to the outer air and con- forming to the provisions of subsection 2 of this section, if it is in- cluded in any of the following classifications, provided that such connections shall not be required for industrial appliances of such size or character lhat the absence of a connection does not consti- tute a hazard to the occupants: 35 ~xcess of 50.000 input rating in water attached less : device in para- supply is With7ihe demand for eOU- of burners gas:smpp, ty,bet~w 30 per cent : not vented not per hour per Bed: rooms, or any for use of transients, ~oilers and warm Type A appliances which r uquid fuel; (3) ali excep{ where specific ~r t}~e use of type B which 0° F. ar the outlet manufacturer's input noncombusti- and heat insu- acceptable joints. gas appliances ) be vented to type extended through an is lined or not f sheet copper of nor less nor less than 20 U. $. may be is the use of accordance with reference to clearance from: combustible material and passage through wall or roo~ shall eomi~ly with the provisions of subsection 4 of this section. 3. Installation of type B gas vents. (a), Type B gas vents shall be made up with tight ioints, (b). Type B gas vents shall be installed with a clearance to combustible material or construction whether plastered or unpins- feted, of nor less man one inch. provided that for vents of floor furnaces such clearance shall be not less than 3 inches for a distance of not less than 3 feet from the outlet of the draft hood, measured along the center line of the vent piping. (c). Suitable provision shall be made ro prevem mechanical injury to type B gas vents where the:- extend through walls, floors or roofs. (d). Type B gas vents shall not be used with solid or liquid furl burning appliances. 4. Installation of gas vents other than type B. (a). Gas appliance vent p~ping other than approved type B gas vents shall not pass through any attic or concealed .space nor through any combustible floor, and shall not pass through any combustible roof except as specified in subsection 2(c). Where passing through combustible roofs m accordance with subsection 2kc they shall be guarded at the point of passage as specified for passage through combustible wails or partitions in paragraph (b) below. Vent piping may extend th?ough any existing chimney whether the chimney is lined or not. (b). Gas appliance vent piping other than approved type B gas vents shall not pass through combustible ~valls or partitions unless they are guarded at the point of passag~e (1) by metal venti- lated thimbles not less than 6 inches larger m~diameter than the pipe, or (2) by metal thimbles not [ess than a inches larger m ~iameter than the pipe with the annular space filled with mineral wool or other approved noncombustible insulating material: or in lieu of such protection all combustible material in the wail or par- tition shall be cut away from the vent pipe a sufficient distance to pfc vide the clearance required from such vent pipe to combustible material any material used to close up such opening shall be non- combustible. (c). Clearances from combustible materia- to gas appliance vent piping other ~han approved type B gas vents shall be in ac- cordance with standard practice for safe installation and use as required by section 36. 5, Flue mortar. All flue mortar for flues or vent pipes from gas-burning appliances shall be acid resisting, 6, Draft hoods. Every flue connected appliance except an incinerator, unless its construction serves the same purpose, shall be equipped with an effective draft hood which either (1) has been approved as parr of the appliance or k2) complies ,with nationally recognized standards for draft hoods. The draft hood shall be at- tached to the flue collar of the appliance or as near to the appliance as conditions permit and in a position for which it is designed with reference to horizontal and vertical planes. The draft hood shall be so located that the rdief opening is nor obstructed by any part of the appliance or adjacent construction. 37 No vent pipe from a gas appli- ~ny other vent pipe smoke pipe, equipped with an automatic gas ar the main burner or ven~ p~pe is ioined with a smoke fuel. for connec- be joined by a ¥ fitting With tiquefied the escape of un- the main burner APPLIANCES, HEAT- BLOWER AND Heat producing appliances and : installed for sa£e installation and use material or construe- blower and exhaust systems in accordance with standard . use with all features presenting · a fire safeguarded rca reason- ~rovided in rules duly promul- -installation of such appliances and "Building .Code Standards of the for the Insrallation o{ I~at Air Conditioning, be deemed to be the standard rooms in public buildings, in- hotels, and multifamily ~,other parts of the building by con- rating of not [ess than one hour. one or more steam boilers carrying ~ith a rating of more than 10 boiler shall be separated from the hours, with door openings pro- with other occupancies. No garage shall oL a building of other occupancy except 600 square feet in area. 600 square feet in area ma5' be a residence building or a business · wails, partitions and passage of gases, smoke and >arts of the buildihg. 38 (b). Openings from the building into garage shall be re- stricted to a single doorway; such opening shall be [ rovided with a metal, metal covered or solid wooden door of not less thaml3,4 inches nominal thickness equipped with an approved seN-closing device. (c). Floors shall be without pits or depressions. 3. Garages not exceeding 3,000 square feet in area. A garage not exceeding 3,000 square feet m area may be attached ~o or form a part of any building provided separation from other occupancies shall be by wails and floor and ceiling constructions of at least one- hour fire resistance, and with all connecting openings provided with self-closing fire doors. Floors shall be without pits or depressions. 4. Garages exceeding 3,000 square feet in area. (a) A garage exceeding 3,000 square feet in area may be Io- cared within or attached ro a building occupied for any other pur- pose provided it is separated from such other occupancy by masonry wails having a fire resistance rating of not less than 3 hours and by floors and ceilings of fireproof construction or semi,reproof (b). Wails floors and ceilings which effect such separation shall be continua)us and unpierced by openings of any kind; pro- vided that door openings equipped with self-cl')sing fire doors lead- mg to salesrooms or offices that are operated in connection with such garages slrall not be prohibited; and provided also that the use of elevators and stairways to orher stories accessible only by vestibules or balconies, consrructed and arranged as required for fire towers, shall be permitted. 5. Truck loading or unloading area. A truck loading or loading area within a building occupied as a store shall be sepa- rated from other parts of the building by construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour, and any load bearing part of the building within the loading area shall also have a fire resistance rating of nor less than one he ur. 6. Ramps. Ramps connecting floors of garages, which are not considered as required exit ways under section 15. need not be en- closed in sprinklered garages, nor in open air parking garages. 7. Floors. Garage floors of other than earth construction which drain to sewers or s~orm drains shall be provided with an oil separator or trap. ~vVhere floor areas are extensive, a series such drains shall be provided. The contents of oil separators or traps shall be collected at frequent intervals and removed from the premises. Floors in repair sections shall be concrete or other ma-' rerials that may be readily cleaned. 8. Heating. (a). In garages exceeding 600 square feet in area. direct fired heating appliances, other than unit hearers located at least 8 feet above the floor, shall be located in a room used for no other purpose and cut off from the garage by noncombustible consrruction having a fire resistance rating of not less than 3 hours. Openings in the above mentioned cut-offs shall be restricted to those necessary for heating pipes and ducts. 39 ,within a the devices, COn- duly {rom the to be made an and I · or fuel conform Good and Use {or Welding National the generally official, the shall be Re- United 2. Water Supply. (a). Every building in which people live. work or congregate shall be provided with ample water supply installed and maintained in a satisfactory working condition. :(b). In every multifamily house there shall be in each apart- ment at least one kitchen sink with running water and waste con- nectiom The space underneath such sink shall be accessible. 3. Toilet facilities. (a). Except as otherwise prescribed by taw or ordinance, in every existing building not already supplied and in every building hereafter erected, where there is continuous human occupancy or employment, there shall be a sufficient number ~f suitable and con- venient wamr closets, properly connected with the drainage system. (1~). In dwellings and multifamily houses there snail be at least one separate water closet within each apartment. 4. Separate toilets. [n buildings where more than one water closet is required, except in dwellings and multifamily houses, sepa- rate water closets and toilet rooms shall be provided for the sexes. 5. Toilet rooms. (a); Watex closets and urinals shall be placed in rooms or com- partments which are devoted exclusively to toilet facilities. (b). In every water closet or urinal compartment hereafter constructed or installed, except in dwellings and multifamily houses, the entire floor and the side wails to a height of nox less than 6 inches shall be made waterproof with asphalt, cement, tile, marble, state_ or other approved material impervious to water. (c). The partitions enclosing toilet rooms shall be solid, except for the entrance door, and shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions separating water closets or urinals within a toilet room shall not extend to the ceiling but shall be so constructed as to per- mit circulation of air throughout the toilet room. SECTION 42. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS. All electrical w~ring, apparatus, or appliances {or furnishing light, heat. or power shall be in strict conformity with approved methods and practices for safety to life and property. Compliance with the National Electrical Code. as published by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. shall be prima facto evidence of such ap[ roved methods and practices. SECTION 43. SPRINKLER EQUIPMENTS, 1. Sprinklers required. In buildings hereafter erected, or al- tered to increase the area or height, approved automatic sprinkler equipments shall be installed and maintained as specified in the £ollowing paragraphs. The areas specified shall be the area en- closed by exterior wails or fire walls or a combination thereof, except that in buildings of fireproof construction or 'semifireproof construc- tion the area shall be that enclosed by exterior walls, fire wails or fire partitions or a combination thereof. (a). Buildings over 2 storms in height used for the manu- facture, sale or storage of combustible goods or merchandise rnm 41 2 stodeg feet when for the manu- merchandise ~not in- ttare feet when of and gemi- r in.excess of ground floor, as defined below, ~ on at least one as requiring ~2 inches 2 inches above will be one ,6~ctier than fireproof construction. >. Stories in height. more than 3 motor vehicles, for other purposes r of 20 or more passenger auto- for 3 or more buses, or are used ar~ more trucks. 3500 square feet. storage of combustible s, institutional .~ automatic sprinkler equip~ are used for storage place of assembly and having operatic or similar purposes, ap- shall .be provided under the loft and fly and tie rooms, scene docks, workshops not provided and in the o]ginion hazard is not severe, such sprinkler a ~ystem having approved automatic a fire department connection approved [ rorective device with on the building front, by which water au the fire by suitable control equip- ~:; tliere bein~in each case an approved eonnected to an outside gong or ro ; company. AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY shall hereafter be erected, or attached g or structure until a 42 permit for the same has been issued by the building official. No permit for a rIisplay sign shall be issuect until the required bond has been filed. (b). The owner or persons in control of a display sign sus- pended over a street or extending into a street more than 15 inches beyond the building line shall execute a bond in s sum to be fixed by the official having control over streets, with sureties approved by such official indemnifying the municipality against all loss, cost, damage or expense incurred or sustained by or reco-cered against the municipality by reason of the construction or maintenance of such display sign. ' (c). The prowsions of this section, except as to safety, shall not apply to a sign not more than 10 square feet in area, announcing, without display or elaboration, only the name of the proprietor and the nature of his business; nor to a wall sign not exceeding one square foot of display surface, on a residence building stating merely the name and profession of an occupant; nor to a sign, not-exceed- ing 10 square feet of display surface on a public building g~ving the name and nature of the occupaixcy and information ~s to the conditions of use or admission: nor ro a wall signs not exceeding 2J~ square feet of display surface, nor a gro.und sign. advertising m either case the sale or rental of the premises upon which it is maintained: nor to street sigms erected by the municipality; nor to temporary signs or banners legally authorized. APPENDIX Wood Shingles. 'vVhere it is desired to permit wooden shingles ~n certain areas of the municipality, Section 31 may be amended to provide for a restricted use of shingles Of good grade as follows: Outside the fire limits, dwellings, private garages and barns. separated by at least, twelve, feet from other, buildings~ may. he roofed with approved vertmal gram or edgegram wooden shmgles. The combined thickness of each five shingles measured at the butts shall be not less than two inches. The exposure of such wooden shingles to the weather shall not exceed, on roofs greater than one- third pitch, five inches for sixteen-inch shingles, five and one-half inches for eig:nreen-inch shingles, and seven and one-half inches for r~venty-fonr-inch shingles: nor. on roofs with less than one-third pitch but not less than one-quarter pitch, four inches for sixteen- inch shingles, four and one-half inches for eighteen-inch shingles, and six and one-half inches for twenty-four-inch shingles. Such shingles shall be firmly nailed to the roof deck with noncorrodible and rust-resistive nails according to accepted good practice. Unless otherwise specified by ordinance or duly promulgated rules, the ,Com- mercial Standard for Wood Shingles, CS 31-38 of the U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce. shall be accepted as means of establishing the grade of shingles. 43 PUBLICATIONS Board of Fire Underwrkers APPLIANCES. Systems, ant~ Inert Gas {o~1 Fire and Exptosion Prevennon 1946. iqozzles and Extinguishing Systems--1947. AUXILIARIES. Fire pttmps--1948. r and Pressure, Towers, etc.--1941. Piping Systems)--1931. for Mill yards~-1940. Water Supp!ies--!931. for Flammable Liquids--1941. Equipment~--1947. Plants--1944. and Spray Bc )rhs--1946. also Coal Gas Proclucers--1934. Flammable Liquids from Tank Cars, and Petroleum Pipe Oii Burners---1932. Cooking Appliances Kerosene and Fuel Oil)--1937. Picture Film--!939. itrocellulose Film--1930. in es--1940. Plastic in Warehouses and Stores--1940- Fibres 1947. GASES. and Cutting--1947- Gas ~iachines 1926. and Fittings--1943- and Vegetables--1938. Gases--1949. Gas Systems ar Gas Utility Planrs 1949. rST. Systems---1945. Terminal Grain Elevators, Flour and Feed Mills--1940. in Industrial Plants, Prevention of--1938. in Country Grain Elevztors--1942. EQUIPMENT- Code--t947. Station Protective Signaling Systems--d940- Aux{liary and Local Signaling Systems--1941. Alarm Sysrems 1941. 44 8, CONSTRUCTION. 80. Protection of Opeuir~gs in ~7%rglis and Partitions 1939. 81. Fur Storage--1947. 82. Incinerators--1938. 83. Electric Cars and Trolley Buses, including Houses ~nd Yards--1935; Sup~ [ement--1940. 84. Merchandise Vaults and Safes 1948. 85. Airplane Hangars--1943; Supplement i945. 86. Ovens for Japan, Enamel and other Flammable Finishes i931. 87. Piers and ~q~arves--1933. 88. Garages--1932; Supplement1939. 90. Air Conditioning, Warn Air Heating, Air Cooling and Ventilating Systems 1946: Supplement--1948. 9I. Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust. Stock and Vapor Removal--1947. 92. YVaterproofing of Floors and Drainage, and Installation of Scuppers-- 1937, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. Special Interest Bulletins for Those Interested in Preventing Loss of Life and Property from Fire. Hospitals, Fire Prevention and Protecti6n as Applied t0--i942. Hotels, Fire Prevention and Protection as Appl/ed m. Schools, Fire Prevention and Protection as Applied to the Public and Parochial 1939. School Buildings, Construction of. and Improvement of Existing Structures-- 193Z Damage to Fireproof Buildings, Illustrations of. Damage ro Reinforced Concrete Structures Attending the Southern California Earthquake of March 10, 1933 1935. Flood Problem in Fire Prevention and Protection--1939. Hurricane Damage, Prevention of 1937. Hurricane Damage, Suggestions to Building Occupants for Reducing (A reprint of portions of "Prevention of Hurricane Damnge")--1937. Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems 1940. Internal Cleaning of Sprinkler Piping--1941. Safeguarding Waterfront Properties 1942. National Building Code--1949. Building Codes. Their Scope ~nd Aims--1940. Fire Prevention Ordinance. Suggested1947. Safety to Life in Places of Assembly Ordinance Provicling for--1943. Building Code Standards for the Installation of Heat Producing Appliances, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, Blower and Exhaust Systems. 45