Minutes 09-18-90 (2)MINUTES OF THE CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING HELD
IN COMMISSION CHAMBERS, CITY HALL, BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA,
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1990 AT 6:00 P.M.
PRESENT
Gene Moore, Mayor
Lee Wische, Vice Mayor
Lillian Artis, Commissioner
Robert Olenik, Commissioner
Arline Weiner, Commissioner
J. Scott Miller,
City Manager
Sue Kruse, City Clerk
Jim Cherof,
City Attorney
Mayor Moore called the meeting to order at 6:00 P.M.
AGENDA APPROVAL
Commissioner Weiner moved to approve the Agenda as prepared.
Vice Mayor Wische seconded the motion which carried 5-0.
PUBLIC HEARING
Final Budget and Aggregate Millage Rate
for Fiscal Year 1990/91
City Manager Miller explained this was the second Public
Hearing to finalize the budget and adopt the millage rate.
Pursuant to Florida Statutes, during this hearing the
governing body would amend the adopted tentative budget as
it saw fit, adopt a final budget and adopt a Resolution
stating the millage rate to be levied. The Resolution would
state the percentage, if any, by which the millage rate to
be levied exceeds the roll back rate computed and would be
characterized as the percentage increase in property taxes
adopted by the governing body.
The percentage increase in millage over the roll back rate
necessary to fund this budget has been computed to be 9.4%.
The roll back rate is 7.0868. The proposed rate for general
operating purposes is 7.7528. The specific purpose for
which these ad valorem taxes are being increased is pri-
marily to generate ample dollars to maintain l~vels of muni-
cipal services.
At the last budget Public Hearing on September 5, 1990, the
additional amount of $50,000 was reappropriated to the
Community Improvement Fund through a transfer from the
General Operating Fund. The $50,000 was generated from the
Fire Dept. account due to a proposed holdoff in the hiring
of 16 Firefighters for several months due to the fact that
Fire Station ~3 will not be substantially complete. The
City had originally anticipated bringing the 16 Firefighters
on board around November 1, 1990, but based on information
received from the contractor and the contruction manager, it
did not appear the station would be substantially complete
until the middle or end of December, 1990.
1
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
The City's Fire Training Officer would like to bring the 16
Firefighters on in December for training. If the City does
that instead of holding off for two months, it would result
in savings for the City which the City Manager explained.
The City Manager suggested hiring these Firefighters
December 1, 1990.
Discussion ensued on what would happen if the Fire Station
wasn't ready until February. City Manager Miller stated the
contractor had until December 18, 1990 to complete the sta-
tion. The contractor had indicated he would be completed by
the beginning of December. George Wasser had indicated he
didn't feel it would be substantially complete until the
beginning of January. If the Commission wished to take a
safer course, the City Manager recommended they hold off
until January 1. The City Manager did not want to put the
Firefighters through the training and then have them end up
sitting due to the station not being complete.
Mayor Moore wanted to make sure the other Commissioners had
also received information he had been provided from the con-
sultant who is working with Bill DeBeck on this project.
The information from Mr. Wasser estimated completion in
February, 1991. It further indicated completion could be
further delayed "based on the contractor's lack of attention
to appropriate administrative detail and paperwork." The
other Commissioners expressed concern that they had not been
provided with a copy of this memorandum.
Mr. Miller indicated the budget before the Commission, as
amended, would have the Firefighters starting January 1.
Therefore, there would be savings in the amount of $94,526
when you add the additional Firefighters at $73,000 plus the
$20,893 double count in personnel computation. If the
$50,000 is appropriated to Community Improvement, that would
leave a balance of $44,526. Two things could be done with
this figure. They could lower the millage or they could
appropriate it to the Contingency Accountl Mr. Miller
pointed out they only had $40,000 in the contingency account
which is dangerously low. The Commissioners agreed they
would like to see the $44,526 go into the contingency
account.
It was noted that the millage increase would be less than ½
mill or actually .4281. The Mayor pointed out there had also
been a substantial increase in appraisals.
The Mayor asked if there was any input from the public.
Ralph Marchese, 1901 S.W. Roma Way was pleased the $50,000
would be going back into the Community Improvement program if
this budget is approved.
2
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
Virginia Foot, President of the Greater Boynton Beach Chamber
of Commerce expressed concerned at changes in fees and
increases in Occupational License fees. She referred to the
hardship this would work on businesses in the community.
She understood each licensed professional would now be
charged $150. This would include professions such as dental
hygenists, barbers, beauticians, etc. She questioned what
happens with the monies generated by Occupational Licenses.
She urged the Commission to revisit this. She did not
believe businesses should have to pay a special fee for fire
inspection services.
Vice Mayor Wische remarked on the need to restructure the
Occupational Licenses. The intention was to cover admi-
nistrative costs incurred by the City so the City would not
be losing money.
Mayor Moore understood to meet the test of legality, the
Occupational License fee had to be based on a reasonable sum
of money that it costs the City to regulate that business.
He felt this was a foolhardy way of revenue raising and could
be subject to judicial rejection. Many of these persons to
be licensed are no more than employees, such as dental hyge-
nists or barbers. They are not independent contractors. He
did not think this fee was appropriate. Comments were made
about phone calls from the public in opposition to this fee.
Following this Budget Public Hearing, when the Commission
proceeded into the Regular City Commission meeting,
Commissioner Olenik remarked he intended to add something to
the Agenda relative to putting a moratorium on these fees.
He wanted a detailed report from staff justifying each fee
charged. When the Commission went through first and second
reading of that Ordinance, Commissioner Olenik didn't think
it was made clear to the Commission how the City would be
charging businesses that had State Certified Licenses.
Mr. Miller pointed out that had not been changed. What had
been changed was a Section of the Code relative to pro-
fessionals. All these years that Section of the Code had
not been followed. The primary area of concern seemed to be
the Section of the Code dealing with the $150 fee per pro-
fessional. In the past, the City had charged $150 per busi-
ness. Now a funeral home with several funeral directors
previously charged a total of $150 would be charged for each
professional. Mr. Miller questioned this clause which had
been in the Code since 1958.
Don Jaeger, Building Official, indicated it was his belief
this was an Occupational License tax and there was no real
relevance to the services provided.
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
Vice Mayor Wische pointed out that a dental hygenist works
under the supervision of the dentist. The hygenist does not
work independently. The Mayor believed if this is a tax, it
is inappropriate. He repeated you have to be able to
justify an Occupational License or any regulatory fee you
impose on a person doing business on a reasonable rela-
tionship between what that tax is and what it costs to over-
see the operation of that business.
City Attorney Cherof agreed and remarked that Occupational
Licenses have traditionally been talked about in terms of
privilege taxes. However, the amount charged for engaging
in that privilege must be based upon certain types of admi-
nistrative costs.
Mr. Miller stated the Section of the Code they were con-
cerned with was Section 13-8. This Section references
Section 13-22 which is the License Tax Schedule. That is
what the survey was based on. Section 13-8 was read out
loud and the City Manager pointed out this had been in the
Code since 1958. Vice Mayor Wische interjected that was not
the intent they had in restructuring the fees. It was to be
related to permits issued. Several Commissioners and the
City Manager questioned the legality of this. The Building
Official and City Manager had discussed this issue.
Apparently, even though this had been in the Code for many
years, it has been this year that we have started to impose
this requirement.
Commissioner Weiner asked how much revenue did they antici-
pate realizing from this Section of the Code. Mr. Miller
didn't believe there was any. This part of the Code had not
been imposed until this year. This was not worked into the
increase. The License Tax Schedules had been increased,
however, and they did put in additional businesses and pro-
fessions that were not included previously. Mr. Jaeger
added they estimated about $60,000 would be realized from
new job categories added. However, the new categories and
what State Statute allowed them to do was to increase gra-
duated rates 25%. That is what they did with the amended
Occupational License Code. In a brief survey conducted, Mr.
Jaeger pointed out they polled ten local municipalities and
found seven out of the ten do license individual dental
hygenists and charge anywhere from $48 to $100. Our City
would be charging $70. When this Ordinance was proposed,
they did a cross section of local cities in the County and
that was how they justified where the fees are.
Commissioner Olenik was concerned that notices went out to
businesses several weeks ago and the businesses were not
provided any justification why rates went up. Comments were
made about doctors and technicians that work at Bethesda
Hospital as employees and whether they received such bills
as individual professionals.
4
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
Mr. Miller indicated the budget numbers for Occupational
Licenses did not include those items addressed by Section
13-8, so that was not a concern as far as the budget. The
majority of phone calls he had received from citizens,
however, related to the provisions of Section 13-8 and
licensing of individual professionals.
Commissioner Weiner asked Mr. Jaeger if he could provide any
kind of a comfort level with what they would realize in
increased revenue ($107,000) with the exception of monies
raised by Section 13-8. She didn't want the City to end up
in Court over this. Mr. Jaeger stated that would be a
determination for the City Attorney.
As there was no further input from the public, THE PUBLIC
HEARING WAS CLOSED.
City Attorney Cherof indicated the Commission needed to
adopt the budget and millage at this meeting.
Mr. Miller pointed out they could still adopt this budget
and then in the near future revisit the Occupational License
issue. Amendments could be made to this budget next week or
next month. The millage could not be changed and they could
not increase the tax rate. If there is a budget shortfall,
they would have to make appropriate adjustment. Mr. Miller
believed if the fees are deemed equitable, the City may gain
a little portion of the $60,000.
Grady Swann, Finance Director, remarked that after final
adoption, according to TRIM bill regulations, the State
allows the City three days to notify the Tax Collector and
the Appraiser's office. The City is adopting the budget by
Resolution which will be effective immediately. The
Ordinance is in regards to the State law that talks about
the appropriations. That doesn't give a timeframe and is
not under the TRIM bill.
Relative to a list of job classifications provided by the
City Manager, the Mayor asked if adoption of this budget
gives those job classifications raises in government service
rating and increases in salaries. Mr. Miller responded not
to all of them. Some of those persons received a change in
job classification but they will not be receiving additional
pay, others will. The Mayor' thought this was "going through
the back door" on Civil Service procedure.
Resolution No. 90-GGGGGG
Re: Adopt Final Millage Rate for FY 1990-91
City Attorney Cherof read Resolution No. 90-GGGGGG in its
entirety. Only the caption follows:
5
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
"A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA, ADOPTING THE FINAL MILLAGE RATE
OF 7.7528 MILLS FOR THE CITY'S GENERAL OPERATING FUNDS
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR BEGINNING OCTOBER 1, 1990 AND ENDING
SEPTEMBER 30, 1991; PROVIDING THAT THE FINAL MILLAGE RATE
OF 7.7528 MILLS IS 9.4 PERCENT (9.4%) ABOVE THE COMPUTED
ROLLED-BACK RATE; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING
FOR CONFLICTS; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE."
Vice Mayor Wische moved to adopt Resolution No. 90-GGGGGG.
Commissioner Olenik seconded the motion.
Mayor Moore intended to vote against this budget. He stated
the City Manager had been directed to come up with a budget
that would put the City on a sound fiscal basis and that
would not have more than a ½ mill increase. The Mayor
thought it was incomprehensible that a City of this size had
no contingency for unforeseen circumstances. He stated he
would have voted for a one mill increase. He felt this
budget had been predicated on income that will not be forth-
coming. The Mayor referred to a recession in the building
industry. He thought they should have "bit the bullet" and
raised the ad valorem tax. He implored the Commission to
look into the possibility of opening up Beach Decals to
people in the unincorporated area as that would generate
considerable sums.
Commissioner Olenik thought ad valorem taxes should be
raised only as a last resort. Before that takes place the
cost of government itself should be brought down. He was
not convinced the City had done that to a sufficient point.
Commissioner Weiner felt the Commission worked long and hard
on this budget. The Commission wanted to burden the average
homeowner as little as possible. Citizens are feeling the
effects of the recession already. They had looked for ways
to increase revenue. They had looked for ways to not elimi-
nate present personnel, but not necessarily to replace per-
sonnel that leaves. She felt the City Manager and staff had
done an excellent job. Commissioner Weiner had strove to
keep the millage rate down in view of the fact that we are
headed into a recession.
Commissioner Artis stated an area of concern had been the
effect on small businesses and average homeowners. She felt
the Commission had done the best they possibly could.
The Mayor called for a vote
motion. The motion carried
the motion.
of all those in favor of the
4-1. Mayor Moore voted against
6
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
Resolution No. 90-HHHHHH
Re: Adopt Final Budget for FY 1990-91
City Attorney Cherof read Resolution No. 90-HHHHHH by cap-
tion only:
"A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA, ADOPTING A FINAL BUDGET FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR BEGINNING OCTOBER 1, 1990 AND ENDING
SEPTEMBER 30, 1991; DETERMINING AND FIXING THE AMOUNTS
NECESSARY TO CARRY ON THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY FOR THE
ENSUING YEAR; DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF APPLICABLE FUNDS
ON HAND; ESTIMATING RECEIPTS FOR THE GENERAL FUND; VOTED
DEBT SERVICE FUNDS; CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT FUND; PUBLICITY
FUND; UTILITIES FUND; VEHICLE SERVICE FUND; SANITATION
FUND;, LOCAL OPTION GAS TAX FUND; WAREHOUSE FUND;
CRA/COMMUNITY IMPROVEMENT FUND; GOLF COURSE FUND; AND
PUBLIC SERVICE TA~ BONDS FUNDS; PROVIDING FOR
SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING FOR CONFLICTS; AND PROVIDING FOR
AN EFFECTIVE DATE."
Commissioner Olenik moved to adopt Resolution No. 90-HHHHHH.
Commissioner Weiner seconded the motion which carried 4-1.
Mayor Moore voted against the motion.
Ordinance No. 90-46 - 1st Reading
Re: Adopting the Budget and Setting
.Appropriations for FY 1990-91
City Attorney Cherof read Ordinance No. 90-46 by caption
only:
"AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA, ADOPTING A BUDGET FOR THE FISCAL
YEAR BEGINNING OCTOBER 1, 1990, AND ENDING SEPTEMBER 30,
1991; AND'SETTING FORTH APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE OPERATION
OF THE GOVERNMENT; ESTIMATING RECEIPTS FROM TAXATION AND
OTHER REVENUE SOURCES FOR THE GENERAL FUND; VOTED DEBT
SERVICE FUNDS; CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT FUND; PUBLICITY FUND;
UTILITIES FUND; VEHICLE SERVICE FUND; SANITATION FUND;
LOCAL~OPTION GAS TAX FUND,- WAREHOUSE FUND; CRA/COMMUNITY
IMPROVEMENT FUND; GOLF COURSE FUND; AND PUBLIC SERVICE
TAX BONDS FUNDS; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING
FOR CONFLICTS; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE."
Vice Mayor Wische moved to adopt Ordinance No. 90-46 on
first reading. Commissioner Weiner seconded the motion.
roll call vote was taken by Sue Kruse, City Clerk as
follows:
A
7
CITY COMMISSION BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING
BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA
SEPTEMBER 18, 1990
Mayor Moore -
Vice Mayor Wische -
Commissioner Artis -
Commissioner Olenik -
Commissioner Weiner -
Nay
Aye
Aye
Aye
Aye
Motion carried 4-1.
ADJOURNMENT
The Public Hearing was properly adjourned at
ATTEST:
Cit~lerk
Recording Secretary
(Two Tapes)
7:08 P.M.
f/~ ~ _ M~yor
Vice Mayor
Commissioner
~ssioner
AGENDA
September 5,
1990
CONSENT AGENDA
J
cc: Finance, Mgmt Serv
Util, Rec
3,
5'
7.;
ALLIED LIME
Lime deliveries for July 1990.
Pay from Water & Sewer Revenue Fund- 401-332-5-365-00
$ 6,860.98
AMERICAN FOOD MANAGEMENT, INC.
For Wilson Center Su~er Food Program
Invoice #65229- 250 breakfasts & 691 lunches- $ 1,083.73
Invoice #65237- 248 breakfasts & 750 lunches- 1,158.75
Invoice #35245- 250 breakfasts & 750 lunches- 1,160.25
Pay from General Fund- 001-000-0-158-90
3,402.73
BELLE GLADE ELECTRIC
Rewind Stator & overhaul 75 HP pump which irrigates
the golf course.
Pay from Golf Course Revenue Fund- 411-726-5-390-02
1,524.77
DAVIS WATER & WASTE INDUSTRIES INC.
Odor control system, 6 scrubber rentals.
Pay from Water & Sewer Revenue Fund- 401-352-05-499-00
4,500.00
ELKINS CONSTRUCTORS, INC.
Improvements to the Boynton Beach East Water Treatment
Plant per Contract and Specification (P.O. #84255)
Periodic Estimate #2.
Pay from Utility Capital Impr Fund- 404-000-0-690-10
15,385.50
FLAGCRAFT, INC.
One 35' High Flagpole $ 1,175.00
Delivery and Installation 445.00.
Pay from Publicity Fund- 101-191-5-450-07
1,620.00
HORIZONTAL DEWATERING SYSTEMS, INC.
One pump rental for approx. 2 weeks, and 700'
dewatering equipment for sewer installation at the
F.O.P./Quantum Park.
Pay from Utility Capital Impr. Fund- 404-000-0-691-10
4,116.25
MAHER CHEVROLET
3/4 Ton Chevrolet Pickup Truck with Utility Body.
New Vehicle for New Personnel.
Pay from Vehicle Service Fund- 501-193-5-681-00
12,976.00
MEYER'S TURF, INC. 4,680.00
42,000 Sq. Ft. Floratam Sod to be installed on 2,3,4,5
and 6 Medians on Chapel Hill Blvd.
Pay from General Fund-001-722-5-635-00 $1,237.75 COMMISSION
Pay from Capital Impr. Fund- 302-722-5-629-00 3,442.25.
SEP ~ L~O
APPROVAL
10.
11.
12.
MOTOROLA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Purchase portable radio for acreage mowing crew to use
while tractor mowing in remote locations.
Pay from General Fund- 001-722-5-690-05
PUMP & EQUIPMENT COMPANY
Motor replacement for well #11. One 50 HP Hitachi
submersible motor.
Pay from Water & Sewer Revenue Fund- 401-331-5-642-00
SCOTTY'S
112 sheets of 4' x 8'x 5/8" Plywood per City Manager's
request for routine city use-& for hurricane emergency.
Pay from Warehouse Fund- 502-199-5-925-05
SPALDING
Invoice # CE2987
Pro Shop Merchandise - 285 dz TF/XL ball sleeves.
Pay from Golf Course Revenue Fund- 411-000-0-420-10
14.
SUMSTATE METER & SUPPLY, INC.
1,000 model 25 3/4" Water Meters for New Sets and
Replacement Meters.
Pay from Utility Capital Impr. Fund- 404-334-5-651-00
SUTPHEN CORPORATION
One aerial 100 ft. Telescopic Platform Fire Apparatus and
Chassis with 1500 GPM pump and 300 gallons of water.
$ 2,324.06
3,385.00
1,454.88
4,437.02
23,000.00
453,086.00
16.
17.
VOLUNTEERS FIREFIGHTERS FUND
Contributions for October 1989- September 1990.
Pay from General Fund- 001-221-5-985-00
1,552.00
BILL WINCHESTER
Rent for September - NCNB Building, lease approved by
City Commission 6/19/90.
Pay from Public Servc Tax Constr.- 301-241-5-640-23
6,500.00
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
July minimum billing and June usage for Model 70 Copier.
Pay from various departments.
1,229.86
GEE & JENSON
Professional services for City Hall contractor change
order reviews for period 6/30/90 thru 7/27/90.
Pay from Building Improve. Fund---304-194-5-463-00
1,529.70
J.F. HOFF ELECTRIC COMPANY 11668.90
Est. ~/5 - P.O. 82716 - Construction of Motor Control Centers
1 & 2 at the East Water Treatment Plant.
Pay from Utility Cap. Improve. Fund---404-000-0-690-10. COMMISSION
SEP 5 1990
APPROVAL
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
28.
291.
301.
HOFFMAN'S AIR CONDITIONING INC.
Installed new 5 Ton Compressor in Rudd Condenser Unit, new
Condenser Fan Motor Unit, start & check operation)Restaurant
Unit). Includes 1 year warranty on motor and 5 year warranty
on compressor.
Pay from Golf Course---411-725-5-435-00
1,135.00
BEN KOUGH & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Replacement of Motor & Impellers L.S. #313 per removal
of L.S. #359 from active service for the present.
Pay from Water & Sewer Rev---401~352-5~433-00
Con~nission approved 6/5/90
5,718.00
MOTOROLA INC.
2 Motorola STX 3W 16 Position Rotary Select - $4200.00
and 3 Setcom Headset W/Noise Cancelling Microphone and
In Line PTT Switch - $1083.00, for Utility Mechanics.
Pay from Water & Sewer Rev---401-396-5-690-05
5,283.00
FRANK W. MUMBY, III, REAL ESTATE APPRAISER/CONSULTANT
Appraisal services - FEC Property - 2 Vacant Parcals.
Pay from Community Improvement---621-136-5-610-00
2,500.00
P.B. & S. CHEMICAL COMPANY INC.
July Chlorine deliveries for Water Treatment.
Pay from Water & Sewer Rev---401-332-5-363-00
3,344.00
RPM CONSTRUCTION
Payment #2 - P.O. 84322 - City Hall West Wing Renovation.
Pay from Public Svs. Tax Constr.---301-241-5-629-00
Per bid 5/29/90, Commission approved 6/5/90
50,055.52
ROBERT E. RABORN, M.D.
Hepatitis injections for 26 police officers - $4498.00
Stress Test on Sgt. Grenier - $239.00
Pay from General Fund---001-135-5-460-01
4,737.00
ROBERTS & REYNOLDS, P.A.
Legal fees - Jeffrey Brown vs. Ofc. Bateson and City, inci-
dent of 5/3/89 - $1586.54. Legal fees - Preston Blackmon
vs. City, incident of 5/6/89 - $5502.94. Police Liability
claims and attorneys are selected thru the Florida Municipal
Self-Insurers Program.
Pay from General Fund---001-195-5-468-00
7,089.48
UNITED STATES PIPE AND FOUNDRY COMPANY
3000' of 6" VD/I Cement-Lined Pipe for #1 & S.E. 21st.
Ave. - Replacing Water Main Lines.
Pay from Utility Cap. Improve.~--404-362-5-651-01
14,832.89
WASCON CONSTRUCTION, INC. 3,000.00
Fire Station #3 and Practice Range - Revised Plans for
Phase II. Balance of $2300.00 to be added to our
P.O. #82469.
,%JlVl IVi UDI
Pay from Building Improve. Fund---304-223-5-640-11
APPROVAL
31.
S.T. WICOLR CONSTRUCTION
Payment # 8/9 on P.O. #82192 for Fire Station #3.
Pay from Capital Improve. Fund---302-223~5-640-11
273,636.36
These bills have been approved and verified by the department
heads involved, checked and approved for payment.
Grady~. Sw~ce Director
I therefore recommend payment of these bills.
J//Scott Miller, City Manager
COMMISSION
SEP $ lg°~o
APPROVAL