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O79-09ORDINANCE 79~ ~ AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA, AMENDING SECTION 5-1 OF THE CODIFIED ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA, BY ADOPTING THE MODEL ENERGY EFFICIENCY BUILDING CODE WITH STATED ALTE.RNA~IVE PAGES, A COPY OF WHICH IS ATTACHED HERETO, FOR THE CITY OF BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA; PROVIDING A REPEALER CLAUSE; PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE AND FbR OTHER PURPOSES. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA, AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. That the State of Florida Model' Energy Efficience Building Code, November, 1978 edition, a copy of which is attached hereto and by reference made a part hereof, be adopted by the City of Boynton Beach, Florida, with the following alternate pages: 1-2A in lieu of 1-2; 1-4A in lieu of 1.-4; 5-15A in lieu of 5-15; 5-16A in lieu of 5-16; 5-17A in lieu of 5-17; 6-5A in lieu of 6-5. section 2. That, therefore, Section 5-1 of the Codified Ordinancesc~of the City of Boynton Beach, Florida, be amended to read as follows: Sec. 5-1. Adoption of Southern Standard Building Code including Part II (Gas). The Southern Standard Building Code, current edition, and the Southern Standard Building Code Part II (Gas), current edition, Sections 1-3, as published by the Southern Standard Building Code Congress, and the National Board of Fire Underwriters Code for the Installation of Heat Produc~n§~~.Appliances, Heating, Ventila- ting, Air Conditioning, Blower and Exhaust Systems,as published by the National Board of Fire Underwriters, and the State of Florida Model Energy Efficiency Building Code, November 1978 edition,. (with alternate pages l~2A, 1-4A, 5-15A, 5-16A, 5-17A and 6-5A)_,three (3) copies of which are on file with the clerk of the City of Boynton Beach, Florida, be and the same are hereby adopted as the building code of the City of Boynton Beach, Florida, subject, however, to such amendments, corrections and additions as shall appear in section 5-2 of this chapter. Section 3. All Ordinances or parts of Ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Section 4. That should any section or provision of this Ordinance, or any portion thereof, be declared by a Court of competent jursidiction to be invalid, such decision shall not effect the remainder of this Ordinance. Section 5. its ;passage. This Ordinance shall become effective immediately upon FIRST READING this ~ day of /~Nm~ , 1979. SECOND, FINAL READING and PASSAGE this ?~ day of ~A'~ , 1979. CITy O~BOY~NTO~N/~E~ACH, FLO~RIDA ATTEST: City Clerk ~,~orp. Seal) Council Member Council Member Co uhc~i Member -2- STATE OF FLORIDA MODEL ENERGY EFFICIENCY BUILDI ]G CODE CODE FOR ENERGY CoNsERVATION IN NEW BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH FLORIDA AMENDMENTS Prepared by Code Development Team Brabham, Kuhns, DeBay Consulting Engineers, West Palm Beach Anstis-Vass-Ornstein Architects and Planners, West Palm Beach Alfred M. Worden, Inc. Energy Management Consultants, Palm Beach Dick Gruenwald Associates Public Information, Palm Beach Gardens for the State of Florida DEPART~MENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE ENERGY OFFICE Dr. Carlos S. Warren, Director November 1978 Funded by a grant from the U. S. Department of Energy~ this public document was promulgated at a cost of $1200.00 or $1.20 per copy to provide public officials and citizens of the State of Florida with assistance and information regarding the energy conserving buil- ding codes required by Sections 553.89 and 553.900- 908, Florida Statutes. PREFACE In 1977-in response to a Federal requirement in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (Public Law 94-163) the Florida Legislature passed twO laws which, in effect, require local governments to adopt energy co~serving building codes for certain categories of buildings for which building permits are issued after DeCember 31~ 1978. These laws, the "Florida Thermal Efficiency Code" and the "Florida Lighting EfficienCy Code!', have been reproduced in this Preface. (P vii et. seq.) The State'Energy Office of the Department of Administration under Federal funding is engaged in a program to assist local governments in implementing these laws% This model code is one product of that program. The State laWs reference minimum standards for construction which must be met or exceeded, principally~ASHRAE1 Standard 90-75. AS is the case with most other nationally recognized energy codes or standards, ASHRAE 90-75 was primarily designed for climates where heating is more important than cooling° As a result, it is not completely suited t© Florida's climate% Nevertheless, it is probably the most comprehensive yet flexible energy standard available. The National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards (NCSBCS), under Federal contract, codified the pro- visions of ASHRAE 90-75 in the December, I977, publicatio~ Code for Energy Conservation in New Buildin~Construction. This NCSBCS 'M6de!~c0de and ~he other major ~xisting energy codes were examined by consultants to the State Energy Office, and, as a result, .the NCSBCS Model Code was judged most desirable in terms of utility, simplicitY, flexibility and effectiveness in conservation of energy. It was, therefore, selected to be the basis for the "State of Florida Model Energy Efficiency Code". This Florida Model Code .retains the form,~ design approaches, and most of the wording contained in the NCSBCS Model Code. The tables and charts have been simplified and made specific to our State's climate. Special consideration has been given to bUilding orientation in the calculation 'of cooling loads. The consultants have also provided us with a design approach based strictly upon cooling, a method which is unavailable 1American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. elsewhere. For these features and ma~y others contained herein, the State Energy Office recommends this Florida Model Code to our cities and Counties. It should be under- stood that this model code has been prepared as an aid tO local code jurisdictions. Local governments may adopt this code or any other-code whiCh satisfies the minimum require- ments of the 1977 laws. The Florida Model Code was submitted to the State Energy Office in October~ 1978~ in partial fulfillment 0f~a contractural agreement by the engineering firm of Brabham, Kuhns, DeBay and their associated consultants: Anstis- Vass-Ornstein; Alfred M. Worden, Inc.; and Dick Gruenwald Associates. The following 1.etter accompanied their submittal; "Attention: Dr. Robert. S° Grace Re: State of Florida Model Energy Code Gentlemen: Enclosed hereWith, please find the final draft of the State .of Florida Model Energ~ Code. Our contract, dated April 19~. 1975~ provides for a Code with prescriptive.and performance methods. The contract itself, provides for the prescriptive portion of the code to be adopted from existing Codes and Standards, recognizing the varying climatic conditions. The perfOr- mance criteria has been based on data collection from several building types° The prescriptive code requires that ~known Codes and Standards be reviewed. Our review included the following:~ ~ ASHRAE 90-75~ American SOciety of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE 90-75R, revisions of the above. Florida Energy ConServation Manual~ Department of General Services, ~ Florida. Energy Saver Program Awards Florida Power Corporation. Watt Wise Living P~o~ram, Florida Power & Light Company. Proposed Residential Thermal Performance Standard~, Jacksonville Electric Authority. Thermal Performance Guidelines for One and Two Family~Dwellings, National Association of Home Builders. ii Code ~or En .on in-New Building Con ; Nat o~f States .on Building COdes and Standards. Total Energy Management in Existing Buildings - A Model~st~dard,~NationalElectri~al ContrlCtors Association. Guidelines~for Savings'Energy.in Existing Buildings, National Environmental System Contractors Association. The National Energy Plan Summary of Public Partici- pation, Office of the President, United States Gover~nment, Energy Conservation Design Guidelines for New'Office BuildingS, General 'Services Administration, United States Government. Intermediate ~inimum Property Standards Supplement, 1977 Edition, Department~ of HoUsing and Urban Development. Building-Energy Conservation Programs,~A'-Preliminary Examination of Requlatory Activities at the State Level, NBSiR77'1259, National Bureau of Standards, United States Government. Appendix "J", Standard Building Code, Southern· Building Code Congress International. Other codes and Standards, as published by the following States: Alabama Connecticut Georgia Hawaii Iowa Illinois Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Nevada New Mexico North Carolina ~Ohio Oregon Tennessee VermOnt The basis of the majority of the aforementioned codes is Standard ASHRAE 90-75. FlOrida Statutes (553.89, Florida Lighting Efficiency Code and 553.900 through 553.908, Florida Thermal Efficiency Code) both address standards "no less stringent" than the above, 90-75, or in the alternative Appendix "J, of the Standard.Building Code, and for residential occupan- cies, HUD Minimum Property Standards. These statutes~ are reprinted'in the following text for information and reference. The Code that best in. the opi , written by the National Conference Building Codes and Standards, or "NCSBCS", Code One area of concern, however, is Florida's unique not covered by ASHRAE 90=75 or the In .978,.the first draft of a code frol NCSBCS Code, with pi io- gical zones, was published. Over two copies of this Code were issued~to all ~sted parties including building officials, design professionals; cOntractorS,-industry,, and private citizens. Informational hearings were Condu at eight locationS from~Miami to PensacOla. teen sessions provided the Code Team with over thirty'hours of dictated comments and many written comments from the participants. Several Points were made and considered. These considerations Draft, which is Amendments. Ironically, as indicated at it was anticipated that the NC Lld be accepted as the new App of the~1979 Standard Building Code. This conference has been held and such~action was affirmative. Following is an outline-of theCode structure, with the most significant'changes and amend- ments noted~~ The text.istwritten in a form which provides for adoption by the local jurisdiction having authority. (i) Not Presently -75:". SECTION 1, ADMINISTRATION & ENFORCEMENT This section accommodates the requirements of the two laws, particularly building types covered, exemp% buildings, etc. Certain choices are offered to the local authority having jurisdiction on more stringent building types. Paragraph 104.1 is modified to comply with Florida Statutes on building design. Re-inspection, Section 105.4 has been deleted. SECTION 2, DEFINITIONS .No changes occur in this section° SECTION 3, DESIGN CONDITIONS In the interest of conformity as well as simpli- city, design conditions have been limited %o nine (9) climatological zones. These zone boundaries occur at County Lines, except Zone 9, which includes Florida's Keys West of Long Key. SECTION 4, BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDINGS UTILIZING NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES Guidelines for utilization of depletable energy consumed by auxiliary equipment associated with non-depletable systems are furnished. SECTION 5, BUILDING DESIGN BY'COMPONENT PERFOR- MANCE APPROACH Values are assigned for Tables 5-1 and 5-2~ In addition, Equation 3 and Table 5-2a are added to include Florida Orientation Solar Factor (OSF). Fenestration~shading is added and defined as a part of OSF. Alternate Tables 5-5, 5-6, and 5-7 are included to permit the local agency the opportunity to increase EER and COP of certain equipment types to a level more consistent with the "state of the art" than the original ASHRAE 90-75 require- ments. V P. aragraph 505,3, Lighting Power Budgets,.has been restructured to provide maximum watts per square foot'to simplify the calculation pro- cedureso SECTION 6, BUILDING DESIGN BY ACCEPTABLE PRACTICE Alternate Tables 6-5, 6m6, ahd 6-7 are included for consideration as outlined in Section 5. SECTION 7, STANDARDS Sectioh 7 r~emains as originally written. SECTION 8, COOLING DESIGN DAY METHOD In accordance with the terms of the aforementioned Contract, an alternative design by performance has been provided° Five building types have been assigned an energy budget,.expressed as watt hours per square foot on design day° Cal. culation procedures and a form are provided for use by the design prOfessional'.' Outdoor design temperatures are provided in Table 8-3° In conclusion, we appreciate the assistance offered by each and every person, group and organization involved in the hearings, in providing data and comments. We particularly appreciate NCSBCs and Florida Building Officials. It is our desire that the Code provide Florida's , cost savings Very trUly yours, BRABHAM, KUHNS, DEBAY 'Lewis C. Brabham, P.E. President lcb:cl Enclosure as stated" vi Following are the two Statutes that mandate energy Codes. CHAPTER 553,' FLORIDA STATUTES PART VI STATE MINIMUM'BUILDINGCODES 553-.89 (I) (2) Florida Lighting Efficiency Code.-- (a) ThiS'section shall be known and may be Cited as the "Florida Lighting Efficiency Code." (b) The purpose of the lighting code is to provide a uniform minimum standard for energy,efficien- cy~in lighting design and utilization to meet energy conservation goals, and to best provide for public safety, health, and general welfare for public buildings. (a) As used in this section: "Public building" means any building whiCh is open to the public during normal business .hours except exempted public buildings. Each of the following is a public building within the meaning of this section unless it is an exempted public building or a.building of less than 1,500 square feet: 1. Any building which provides facilities or shelter for public assembly, or which is used for educational, office, or institutional pur- poses; 2.' Any inn, hotel, motel, sports arena, super- market, transportation' terminalw retail store, restaurant, or other commercial establishment which provides services or retails merchandise; 3. Any portion of an industrial plant building used primarily as office space; and 4~ Any building owned by the state or a politi- cal subdivision thereof, including libraries, museums,, schools,-hospitals, auditoriums, (b) 1. "Exempted public building" means: Any public building or pOrtion thereof whose peak design rated energy usage for all purposes is less than 1 watt (3,4 British Thermal Units per hour) per square foot of floor area-for all purposes. vii (C (d) (3) (4) (5) C6) w Any.public building ,which is neither heated nor cooled. 3. Any mobile home. Any bUilding or portion thereof subject to standards est'abliShed bY the United States. Any public building for which a building per- mit is obtained, on.~or before December! 31, 1978. the in Building )cal enforcement Io( ren clUdes any agency with s. 553.71 (3). the agency ~f ke in- a code or ~onstruCtion, It.in- :ion of "ASHRAE Standard 90-75" means the American So- ~ ciety Of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Con- ditioning EngineersStandard 90-75 concerning energy"conservation in'new building design. This section shall build- in~.in is obtained on or after December 31, 1978. This section shall not apply to exempted public build- ings. AnY Public building constructed on or after De- cember 31, 1978, shall provide a design~for ener- gy utilization in~such, a manner as to provide that the des: illumin be 9 of ASHRAE Standard 90-75. During.or after construction of any new public building each local enforcement agency shall in- spect the bt for compliance with the pro- visions Of this.s The provisions of !s~ 9, ASHRAE Standard 90-75 shall be in add minimum in any build- ing code adopted .under authorityof s.' 125.56 or iby-any mUnicipality. PART VII THERMAL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS 553.900 Short title.--This part shall be known and may be cited as the "Florida Thermal Efficiency Code". 553.901 Purpose.--The purpose of this thermal efficiency code is to provide for auniform minimum standard for energy efficiency in the thermal design and operation of all buildings stat~wide, consistent with energy conser- vation goals, and to best provide for public safety, health, and general welfare. 553.902 Definitions.--For the purposes of this part: (1) "Exempted building" means (a) Any building or portion thereof whose peak design rate of energy usage for all purposes is less than 1 watt (3.4 Btu's per hour) per square foot of floor area for all.purposes. (b) Any building which is neither heated nor cooled. (c) (d) Any mobile home. Any building .or portion thereof subject to standards established by the United States. (e) Any historical building as described in s. 267.021 (6). (f) Any building with a heated or cooled area of less than 1500 square feet. (g) Any state building that must conform to the more stringent "Florida Energy Conservation Act of 1974" and amendments thereto. (2) "HVAC" means a system of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. ('3-) "Renovated building" means a non-reSidential building undergoing alteration that varies or changes insulation, HVAC systems, water heat-~ ing systems, or exterior envelope conditions, provided that the estimated cost of renovation exceeds 30 percent of the assessed valUe of the structure. (4), (5) (6) (7) (8) 553.9'03 5, 5'3.904 means , of to znspect;.ons of buildings and to enforce a code or codes'Which establish standards for construction, renovationt or occupancy of buildings'; It includes any agency within the definition of s. 553~71 (3). "Exterior ca'l characteristics" means the ture of those elements of a ~ which enclose.conditioned spaces thr,ough which energy may be transferred to or from the exterior. "ASHRAE Standard 90-75" means the American So- ciety of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Con- ditioning E.ngineers Standard.90-75 concerning energy conservation in new building design, "HUD Minimum Property Standards"means the single Set of technical'"and environmental standards developed by the Department of Housing and Ur- ban Development, specifying the minimum accept- able levels of design and construction for federally insured or mortgaged housing. These standards are described at 24 C.F.R. 200.95 et seq. "Standard Building Code" means the Standard Building Code,' 1976'edition with 1977 amend- ments, as adoPted:by the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc, (SBCC) with amend- ments. part shall apply to all new-and renovated buildings in the state, ex- cept exemPted buildings, for which building ~ are Pr to any minimum! standard in any building code adopted by a county, under authority of s. 125.56, or by any municipality. Thermal efficiency standards for new nonresi- dential buildings~-T] ~ign and oper, ations for.new nonresiden s'for which' building permits are~obtained after De- cember 31, 1978, shall take ount ex- terior-en.vetope.phy ,,HVAC system selection and configuration, HVAC equip- ment performance and service water heating de- sign and equipment performance, and shall meet standards~no less stringent than the provis-i-o-~s of Chapter 4-9 of ASHRAE Standard 9.0-75 or, in the alterna~e, apPendix' (j~ Standard Building Code. X 553.905 553.906 553.907 553.908 Thermal efficiency standards for new resi- dential buildings.--Thermal design and opera- tions for new residential buildings for which building permits are Obtained after December 31, 1978, shall take into account exterior envelope physical characteristics, HVAC system selection and configuration, HVAC equipment performance and service water heating design and equipment selection, and shall meet standards no less stringent than the provisions of the HUD Mini- mum Property Standards or, in the alternative, appendix (.j) of the Standard Building Code. Thermal efficiency standards for renovated buildings.--Thermal designs and operations for renovated buildings for which building permits are obtained after December 31, 1978, shall take into account insulation, windows, HVAC systems and performance, and service water heating de- signs and equipment selection, and shall meet standards no less stringent than the provisions of chapters 4-9 of ASHRAE Standard 90-75 or, in the alternative, appendix (j) of the Standard Building Code. These standards shall apply only to the portions of the structure which a~e actually renovated. Compliance.--Owners of all buildings required to comply with this part must certify compliance to the designated local enforcement agency prior to.receiving the permit to begin construction or renovation. InspeCtion.--Before construction or renovation is completed, the local enforcement agency shall inspect buildings for compliance with the stan- dards of this part. xi TABLE OF CONTENTS 10/~78 Page No. FOREWARD 1 and 2 SECTION TITLE 1 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT 1-1 thru 1-6 101~0 Scope and General Requirements 1-1 101.1 Title 1-1 101.2 Intent 1-1 101.3 Scope 1-2 102.0 Materials and Equipment 1-4 102.1 Identification 1-4 102.2 Maintenance InformatiOn 1-4 103.0 Alternate Materials--MethOd of Construction, Design, or Insulating Systems Plans and Specifications General Details Inspections General Approvals Required Final Inspection Validity 1-5 104.0 1-5 104 . 1 1,5 104.2 1-5' 105.0 1-6 105.1 1-6 105.2 1-6 10.5.3 1- 6 106.0 1-6 DEFINITIONS 2-1 thru 2-9 201.0 General Definitions 2-1 201.1 Application of Terms 2-1 DESIGN CONDITIONS 3-1 thru 3-4 301.0 Design Criteria 3-1 301.2 Heating and Cooling 3-1 301.3 Mixed Occupancy 3-1 302.1 Exterior Design Conditions 3'2 302.2 Interior Design Conditions 3-4 303.0 Mechanical ventilation Criteria 3-4 -303.1 Ventilation 3-4 BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDINGS UTILIZING NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES 4-1 thru 4-5 401.0 Scope 401.1 General 402.0 -Systems Analysis 402.1 Energy Analysis 4-1 4-1 4'-1 4-1 xiii TABLE OF CONTENT~.(CONTINUED) 10/78 P_a_ge_ No. TITLE 4 CONTINUED 402.4 402'.5 403,.0 403.1 403.2 404.0 404. l .ute NOn-Depletable Source Analysis General Documentation Certification of Computer Programs General PERFORMANCE APPROACH 501.0 Scope 501.1 General 502,.0 Building Envelope Requirements 502.1 General 502.2 Criteria for " " Group R Residential Buildings 502.3 Criteria for All Other Buildings 502.4 Air Leakage for All Buildings 503.0 Building Mechanical Systems 503.1 General 503.2 Calculations of~ Heating and Cooling Loads 503.3 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling 503.4 HVAC Equipment Performance Require- merits 503.5 Energy for Air Delivery 503.~6 Balancing 503.7 Controls 503.8 Air Handling Duct System Insulation 503.9 Duct Construction ~503.10 504.0 504.1 Scope 504.2 Water Heaters, Storage Tanks, BOilers, 504.3 504.4 Pipe Insulation. 504.5 Conservation of Hot Water 505.0 Electrical Power and Lighting 505.1 General 505..2 Electrical Distribution 505.3 Lighting Power Budget 5-1 4-12 4-2 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-5 4-5 thru~ 5-31 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-3- 5-9 5-10 5-10 5-10 5-10 5-12 5-17 5-17 5'-.20 5-21 5-21 5-26 5-26 5~26 5'28 5-28 5-28 5-28' 5-28 5-29 5-,30 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 10/78 Page No. SECTION TITLE 6 BUILDING DESIGN BY ACCEPTABLE PRACTICE 6-1 thru 6- 14 601.0 ~Scope 6-1 601.1 General 6-1 602.-0 Building Envelope Requirements 6-1 602.1 General 6-1 -602.2 Criteria - Heating and Cooling 6-1 602.3 Air-Leakage 6-2 603.0 BUilding Mechanical Systems 6-2 603.1 General 6-2 603.2 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements Controls Air Handling Duct System Insulation Piping Insulation Service Water Heating Service Water Heating Pump Operation Pipe Insulation Conservation of Hot Water 603.3 603.4 603.5 604.0 604.1 604.2 604.3 604.4 STANDARDS 6-2 6-5 6-6 6-6 6-7 6-7 6-7 6-8 6.8 7-1 thru 7-3 COOLING DESIGN DAY METHOD 8-1 t'hru 8-5 801.0 801.1 801.2 802.0 802.1 802.2 802..3 Sqope General ~Building Classifications Procedures Tabular Presentation Process Loads Winter Design Shading Check 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-2 8-2 XV FOREWORD 10/78 This document contains the National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards Code for E servation in New Building Construction, December ,'amended specifically forFlorida's climate. It was prepared to assist local goveYnments in enforcing two State Statutes, the "Florida Thermal Efficiency Code" and the "Florida Lighting Efficiency Code", which were enacted by the State in 1977. The laws require certain buildings in the State, for which building permits are obtained after December ~31, 1978, to meet uniform minimums for thermal and lighting efficiencies. As the statutes explain, each municipality and County is to establish a thermal code and a lighting-efficiency code to be effective after December 31, 1978. The "Florida Amendments", presented herein have been developed under the direction of the State Energy Office to specifically satisfy the requirements of both the Thermal and Lighting Standard statutes. The major objectives in the development of the "Florida Amendments" to the NCSBCS Code were: To provide municipalities and counties with a code .that satisfies the requirements of both Florida statutes quoted. To provide a simplified code with minimum cross- references and t~bles. e To provide a minimum number of changes from the NCSBCS code to adapt to Florida's special climatic conditions. J ~o insert specific requirements of Florida energy statutes. Sm To encourage the use of solar energy and exterior shading to conserve energy. Each municipality and County-is urged to pay special attention to the buildings which are exempted in paragraph 101.3. These exemptions may be made more stringent by local govern- ments, by deleting exemptions. 10/78 Several local options or ',Alternates" are Provided in this ities and code wi h ~ case the are the a~ion wi'ill: ions which.are generally regarded 1. Delete as 2. Put into ef~ the air requirement~ by in 1980. To .adopt alternates, remove %he adjace out th~ '"a". For efficiency Lementation for page 1-2 to be ,' be difference is in the 1,500 Square foot exemption, A vertical bar in the margin indicates FlOrida Amendments. PortiOns of the text are written in italicS. It is the~pur- pose of. these statements to provide fur'ther clarifications or 'explanations, and sugg_estions. Certain definitions, procedu master,code, required will.be such as Standard Building Code, Building COde.., National Building Code, or EPCOT Building Code. Questions involving to aid the aUthority having jurisdiction should be'addressed ~e primary ..c.onsu!tants~ of West . such time as is State agency. 2 SECTION 1 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT !0/78 101.0 Scope and General Requirements 10t. 1 Title This Code shall be known as the" 1 Energy Efficiency Building Code", and may be cited as such and Will be referred tO herein as "this Code". This Code is also known as the "Code for Energy Conservation in New Building Construc- tion with Florida Amendments". 101.2 Intent The provisions of this Code shall regulate the design of building envelopes for adequate thermal resistance and low air leakage and the design and selection of mechanical, electrical, and illumina- tion systems and equipment which will enable the effective use of energy in new building construc- tion. It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve effective utilization of energy. These provisions are structured to permit compliance with the .intent of this Code by any one of the four paths of design: (a) A systems approach for the entire building and its energy-using subsystems which may utilize non-depletable sources, Section 4; (b). A component performance approach for various building elements and mechanical systems and components, Section 5; (c) Specified acceptabl.e practice, Section. 6; or (d) Design day budget method, Section 8. Compliance with any one of these paths meets the intent of this Code. This Code is not intended to abridge any safety or health requirements required under any other applicable codes or ordinances. 1We suggest this Code be entitled according to the political subdivision which adopts it. 1-1 101.3 10/78 scOpe This code sets forth minimum requirements for thermal and lighting efficiency design standards. ~(a) The Thermal Efficiency Code provides for a uniform minimum standard enve 1 ope s ~onres renovated buildings, with cert~ buildings. ulating ex- ce 7 to all 1. "Renovated~ building" means a nonresi- dential building undergoing alteration .t . that ~varies or changes insUlation, HVAC systems, water heating.sy.stems, or . exte [o Provided that the lest )f renovation exceeds 30 ~percent of the assessed value of the' structure,_ am Exempt.Buildings: a. Any building or portion thereof whose~peak design rate of energy usage for all purpose is less than 1 watt (3,4 British thermal units per hour) b of floor area for a purposes. b. Any building whi6h.'is neither heated nor cooled. Any building.or, portion thereOf subject to standards established by the United states. fo Any historical building'.as de- scribed in-S.?267~021 (6) (Florida Statutes). Any building with a heated or cooled area of less than 1500 square fee t.. ge Any state conform to "Florida Energy ConServation Act of 1974" and amendments thereto. 1-2 101.3 Scope This code sets forth minimum requirements for thermal and liqhting efficiency design standards. (a) The Thermal Efficiency Code provides for a uniform minimum-standard by requlating ex- terior envelopes and selection of heating, ventilating, air conditioning and service water heating systems and shall apply to all new residential and nonresidential and renovated buildings, with certain exempt buildings. "Renovated building" means a nonresi- dential building undergoing alteration that varies or changes insulation, HVAC systems, water heating systems, or exterior envelope conditions, provided that the estimated cost of renovation exceeds 30 percent of the assessed value of the structure° 2. Exempt Buildings: Any building or portion thereof whose peak desiqn rate of energy usage for all purposes is less than 1 watt I3.4 British thermal units per hour) per square fOot of floor area for all purposes. b. Any mobile home. Any building or portion thereof subject to standards established by the United States. Any historical building as de-~ scribed in s. 267.021 (6) (Florida Statutes). Any' state building that must conform to the more stringent "Florida Energy Conservation Act of 1974" and amendments thereto. 1-.2A 10/78 Ail other buildings shall be designed to comply with the requi.r~ments of Sections 4, 15 (501 through 504, inclusive) 6 or 8 of this Code. (b) The uni fo l e lectr fficier ~qUip 'des for a by regulaLing and illuminating new public 2g means any building whiCh is open to the public during normal.business hours except exempted public buildings. Each of the following is a public building within the meaning of this section unless it is ~exempted. ag Any building which provides fa- cilities or. shelter for public assemblY, or which is used for educational, office, or institu- tional purposes; be Any inn, hotel, motel, sports arena, supermarket, transportation terminal, retail store, restaurant, or other commercial establishment which.provides services or retails merchandise; Cg Any portion of an industrial plant building uSed primarily as office space; and Any building owned by the state of ~a political subdivision thereof, including libraries, museums, schools, hospitals, auditoriums, sports arenas, and university buildings. Exempted public buildings means: ag Any Public building or portion thereof %~ose peak design rated energy usage for all purposes is less than 1 watt (3.4 Btu's per hour) per square foot of floor area for all purposes. 1-3 10/78' 102.1 102.2 Any public building which is neither heated mor cooled. · c. Any mobile home. Any building or portion thereof Subject ko standards established by the United States. ee Any state building that must con- form to the more stringent "Flori- da Energy Conservation in Buildings Act of 1974", and amendments thereto. ,Buildings of less than 1,500 square feet, public buildings shall be designed to ~h th~ requirements of Section 5 (505.0 ~5.3 Inclusive) or 8 of this Code. The local authorit~ ma~ adopt more stringent requireme~ts than listed above, i,e., exempted buildings, etc. 102.0 Materials and Equipment Identific~.tion All materials and equipment shall be identified in order ~o show compliance with this Code. Maintenan e Information 'egular maintenance actions shall be .ated and incorporated on a readily ac, Such label may be limited to identi~ by title or publication number, the operation and maintenance manual for that par- ticular m6del and tYpe of product. -Maintenance 1-4 102.1 102.2 b. Any mobile home. c. An' : by portion thereof ndards established States. d, : 'Any State-building that must con- form to the more stringent "Elorida Ail other public buildings shall be designed to [th th~ requirements of Section 5 (505.0 505',3' inclusive) or 8 of this Code.. The' local authori~t~' ma~ adopt more stringent requirements than lfsted above, i~.e., exempted buildings, etc. 102.0 Materials and Equipment · Identification Ail materials and equipment shal~l be identified in order to show compliance with thi.s Code. Maintenance Information Required regular, maintenance actions shall be clearly staGed'and inCOrpOrated on a readily accessible label. Such label may be limited to identifying, by title or publication number, the operation and maintenance manual fo~ tha't par- ticular model and type of product. Maintenance 1-4A 10/78 instructions shall be furnished for any equipment which requires preventive mainte- nance for efficient operation. 103.0 Alternate MaterialS--Method of COnstruction, Design, or Insulating Systems The provisions of this Code.are not intended to prevent the use of any material, method of construCtion, design, or insulating system not specifically prescribed herein, pro- vided that such cons'bruction, design, or insulating system has been approved by the Building Official as meeting the intent of the Code. 104.0 Plans and SPecifications 104.1 General 104.2 With each application for a building permit, and when required by the Building Official,'plans and specifications shall be submitted. The Building Official may require plans and specifications be prepared by an engineer or architect licensed to practice by the State. [All designs submitted under the provisions of Sections'4 and 8 shall be prepared by an engineer or architect licensed to practice in the State of Florida.] Architects' or Engineers' plans are not required on single or two family residences and similar build- ings in accordance with Paragraph 467.09, Florida Statutes for those buildings designed in accor- dance with Sections 5 or.6 of this Code~ Details The plans and specifications shall show in suf- ficient detail all' pertinent ~data and features of the building and the equipment and systems as herein governed including, but not limited to: design criteria, exterior envelope component materials, U values of the envelope systems, R values of insulating 'materials, size and type of apparatus and equipment, equipment and systems controls and other pertinent data to indicate conformance with the requirements Of the Code. 1-5 10/78 105.0 Inspections 105.1 General All :he 105.2 Approvais ~ Required No' work Shall be done on any part of the building or structure beyond the point indicated in each successive'inspection without first Obtaining the written approval of the Buitding Official. No construction shall be concealed without ~inspection approval. 105.3 Final Inspection There shall be a final inspection and approval on all buildings when completed and ready for occu- pancy. 106.O Validity If any section, subsection, sentence, claUse, or phrase of remaining portions of this Code. 107.0 Owner Certification 107'.1 Owners of all buildings must-certifY.¢ompliance to the designated local enforcement agency prior to 'receiving the permit to begin~constr:uctiOn or renovation. 1-6 10/78 SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS 201.1 201.0 General Definitions Application of Terms For the purposes of this Code, certain abbrevi- ations, terms, phrases, words, and their deriva- tives, shall, be set forth in this Section. ACCESSIBLE (~s applied~to equipment). Admitting close approach because not ~guarded by locked doors, elevation or other effective means. (See READILY ACCESSIBLE.) AIR CONDITIONING. The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet requirements of the conditioned space. AIR TRANSPORT FACTOR. The ratio of the rate of useful sensible heat removal from the conditioned space to the energy input to the supply and return fan motor(s), expressed in consistent units and · under the designated operating Conditions. AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal in- fluence, as for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration. (See Manual.) BOILER CAPACITY. The rate of heat'output in Btu/h measured at the boiler outlet, at the design pressure and/or temperature, and rated fuel input. BUILDING ENVELOPE. The elements of a building which enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior. BUILDING OFFICIAL. The official authorized to act in behalf of the responsible government agency for the enforcement of~this Code. 2-1 10/78 BUILDING PROJECT. A bUilding .or,group of build- ings, including on-site-energy conversion or electric-generating facilities which utilize a single submittal for a constrUction permit or are within the boundary of a contiguous area under one ownership. COEFFICIENT OF BEAM UTILIZATION (CBU). The ratio of the luminous flux (lumens) reaching a specified area directly from a floodlight or pro~jector to the total beam luminous flux. COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP). See the' follow- ing paragraphs in Section 5 for the definitions of COP as appropriate: Electrically Operated HVAC Equipment - CoOling 503.4(e)2 Applied HVAC System Components - Cooling 503,4(f)1 Heat Operated HVAC System Equipment - Cooling 503.4(g)1 Heat Pump - Heating 503.4(b)2 COEFFICIENT OF UTILIZATION (CU). The ratio of the lu- minous flux (lumens) from a luminaire received on the work plane to the 1.umens emitted by the lu- aire'S lamps alone. COLOR RENDITION. General expression.for the effect of a light source on the color. Appearance of objects in conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a reference light source. · COMFORT ENVELOPE. The area on a psychrometric chart enclosing all those conditiOns described in Std. RST4, Figure lv aS being comfortable. CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. The horizontal projec- tion of that portion of interior space which is contained within exterior wails and which is conditioned directly or indirectly by an energy- using system. - 2-2 10/78 DEGREE DAY, HEATING. A unit, based upon temperature difference and time, Used in estimating fuel con- sumption and specifying nominal heatinq load of a building in winter. For any one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65F there exist as .many Degree Days as there are Fahrenheit degrees differeace in temperature between the mean tempera- ture for the day and 65F. EFFICIENCY, OVERALL SYSTEM. The ratio of useful energy (at the point of use) to the thermal energy input for a designated time period, expressed in percent. ENERGY. The capacity for doing work; taking a number of forms which may be transformed from one into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical; in customary units, measured in kilowatt-hours (kwh) or British thermal units (Btu). (See'NEW ENERGY.) ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO (EER). The ratio of net cooling capacity in Btu/h 'to total rate of electric input' in watts under designated operating conditions. ENERGY, RECOVERED. (See RECOVERED ENERGY.) EQUIVALENT SPHERE ILLUMINATION {7~SI). The level of sphere illumination which would produce task visibility equivalent to-that produced by a specific lighting environment. EXTERIOR ENVELOPE. (See BUILDING ENVELOPE.) FLOODLIGHTING. A lighting system designated to light an area using projector-type luminaires usually capable of'being pointed in any direction. FUEL. A substance which may be burned to give heat or generate electricity; a nuclear substance used to generate electricity. GROSS FLOOR AREA. The sum of the areas of 'the several floors of the building, including basements, cellars, mezzanine and intermediate floored tiers and penthouses of headroom height, measured from the exterior faces of exterior wails o~ from the centerline of walls separating buildings. 2-3 10/78 walkways, excluded. The'gross'floor area does nOt include such ~rraces .GROSS WALL AREA. The VertiCal projection of the exterior wall area bOunding.interior space which is conditioned by an energy-using system; includes opaque wall, window and door areas. The gross area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall areas, including foundation walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, window areas including sash, and door areas, where suCh surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and.enclose a heated or mechaniCally cooled Space including interstitial areas between two'such spaces. HEAT. The ~form of energy that is ~ransferred by virtue of a temperature difference. HEATED SPACE. Space, within a building, which is provided with a positive heat supply to maintain air temperature of 50F or higher. HUMIDISTAT. An instrument which measures changes in humidity and controls a device(s~ for maintaining a desired humidity. HVAC. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning. HVAC SYSTEM. A system that provides either collective!v Or individUallv the processes of comfort heating, ventilating, and/or air conditioning with- in or associated with a building. ILLUMINATION. The density of the .luminous flux incident on a surface; it is the ~uotient of the luminous flux by the area of the surface when the latter is uniformly illuminated. INFILTRATION. The through cracks and element and around windows ~rs ~of a building, caused bv the pressure effects or the effect of differences in the indoor atdoor air density. 2-4 10/78 LIGHT LOSS.FACTOR (LLF). A factor ing the leVel of illumination after a given period of time and under given conditions. It takes into account temperature and voltage variations, dirt accumulation on luminaire and room surfaces, lamp depreciation, mainkenance procedures, and atmospheric conditions. LUMINAIRE'. A complete lighting unit Consisting of a lamp or'~lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to poSition and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply. MANUAL, Capable of being operated by personal intervention. (See AUTOMATIC.) N~J ENERGY. Energy, other than recovered energy, utilized for the purpose or-heating or cooling. (See ENERGY.) -NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES. Sources of-energy (excluding minerals) derived from incoming solar radiation including photo-synthetic processes; from Phenomena resulting therefrOm-including wind', waves, and tides, lake or pond thermal'differences; and energy derived from the internal heat of the earth, inCluding nocturnal thermal exchanges. OPAQUE'AREAS. All exposed areas ofla building envelope which enclOse ~onditioned space, except openings for windows, skylights, doors and build- ing service systems.. "OVERALL THERMAL .TRANSFER-VALUE (OTTV)k An overall coefficient of heat gain'exPressed in units of Btu per hour per square foot. OUTSIDE AIR, Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not previously circula'[ed through the system. PACKAGED~TERMINAL AIR-CONDITIONER. A factory- selected combination of heating and cooling com- ponents, assemblies or sections, intended to serve a room or zone. (For the complete technical definition, see Std. RS-10~') 2-5 10/78 JPPLY~ ~eat by design or heat lO'sse? energy-consuming systems or with that .space. space ~g from ~iated POWER. is the time rate ~g~ work Lhe transmission of energy of all types, power refers to the rate at which energy is- transmitted; in customary units; or British thermal READILY A'CCESSIBLE, Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections, without requiring those to Wh°~ re'ady access is requisite to climb over or remove obstaCles. .or to resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc. (See ACCESSIBLE.) ~ y RECOVERED ENERG . Energy utilized whiCh would otherwise, be wasted from an energy utilization system. REFLECTANCE, The ratio of the ~light ref.iec'ted by a surface to the light falling'upon it. REHEAT. The application of sensible heat to supply air that has been previously cooled below the .temperature of the cond ~e by. either mechanical refrigeratiOn or the ;tion 'of outdoor air to provide cooling. RESET. Adjustment of the set point of a contrOl instrument to a h~gher or lower valUe automatically or manually to conserve~energy. ROOF ASSEMBLY. A roof assembly shall be considered as all components of the roof/ceiling envelope through, which heat flows, thereby creating a build- in ~ion heat loss or gain, where such is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a heated or mechanically cooled sPace- The gross'are~ y consists of the total inter ~h assembly, including Skylights exposed~'to the heated, or mechanically. cooled space. 2-6 10/78 SC = ROOM AIR CONDITIONER.~ An encaSed assembly designed as a unit primarily for mounting in a window or through a wall or as a Console. It is designed- primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed space, room or zone. It in- cludes a prime source of refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification and means for circulating and cleaning air and may also include means for ventil- ating and heating. ROOM CAVITY RATIO (RCR). A number related to room dimensions used in average illumination calculations. SEQUENCE. A consecutive series of operations. SERVICE SYSTEMS. Ail energy-using systems in a building that are operated to provide services for the occupants or processes housed therein, including HVAC, service water heating, illumination, trans- portation, cooking or food preparation, laundering or similar functions. SERVICE WATER HEATING. Supply of hot water for domestic or commercial purposes other than comfort heating. SERVICE WATER HEATING DEMAND. The maximum design rate of energy withdrawal from a service water heating system in a designated period of time (usually an hour or a day). SHADING COEFFICIENT (SC) Solar Heat Gain of Fenestration IWest.Elev. at 4 PM Sun Time 9/21) Solar Heat Gain'Unshaded DSB (West Elev, at 4 P~ Sun Ti~e 9/21) where: DS means double strength B means grade class SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE. Source of thermal, chemical or electrical energy from conversion of incident solar radiation. 2-7 10/78 A combination .ion. al naI devices so as1 .to perform i as HVAC, .service water faucets and similar element.s. THERMOSTAT. An instrument which meaSures changes in temperature and controls device(s) for main- taining a desired temperature. THE~4AL TRANSMITTANCE (U). Overall coefficient of.heat tranSmission (air to air) expressed in units.of'Btu per hour,.per square foot.per degree F. It' is the~time rate.of heat flow. The U value applies to combinatiOns of different materials used in series along the heat flow path, single materials 'that comprise a bUilding section, cavity air spaces, and surface air films on both sides of a building element.' THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (Uo).. Overall (average) heat-transmission of a'gross area of the exterior building envelope, expressed in units of Btu per hour per square foot per degree F. The UO value applies to the combined effect of the time rate. of h~t flows thrOugh the various parallel paths, sUch as windows, doors, and.opaque con- struction areas, the gross area of one or more. e.xterior ~ ,~ such as walls, floorS, or roof/ceiling, UNITARY COOLING AND }{EATING EQUIPMENT. One or more factory-made assemblieS which include an vided in more tha assemblies Shall be.'desi, the separate Used.together. 2-8 10/78. UNITARY HEAT PUMP. On~ or more factory-made assemblies which include an indoor conditioaing coil, com- pressor(s) and outdoor coil or'refrigerant-to- water heat exchanger, including means to provide both heating and cooling functions. It is designed to provide the functions of air-circulating, air cleaning, cooling and heating with controlled temperature, and dehumidifying, and may optionally include the 'function of humidifying. When such equipment is provided .in more than one assembly the s~parate assemblies shall be designed to be used together. VEILINC REFLECTIONS. Regular reflections super- imposed upon diffuse reflections from an object that partially or totally obscure the details to be seen by reducing the contrast. This sometimes is called reflected glare. VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air ,~hich comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space. (See Std. RS-3 and Section.3 of this Code.) ~ORK PLANE. The plane at which work usually is done and at which the illumination is specified and measured. Unless otherwise indicated, this is assu~ed to be a horizontal plane 30 inches above the floor. ZONE. A space or group of spaces within a building with heating and/or cooling requirements sUfficient- ly similar so that comfort conditions can be main- tained throughout by a single controlling device. 2-9 10/78 SECTION 3 DESIGN CONDITIONS 301.0 Design Criteria 3'01,1 General 301.2 301.3 The criteria of this section establish the minimum requirements for thermal design of the exterior envelopes of buildings and-establish criteria for design of the HVAC systems and its parts. Heating and Cooling A building that is designed to be ~oth heated and cooled shall meet the more stringent of the heating and cooling requirements as provided in this Code when requirements of the exterior envelope differ. The design shall not create conditions of accelerated deterioration from moisture condensation. Mixed Occupancy When a building houses more than one occupancy, each portion of the building shall conform to the reqnir~ements for the occupancy housed therein. Where minor accessory uses do not occupy more than 10 percent of the area of any floor of a bUilding, the major use shall be-considered the building occupancy. 302.0 Thermal Design Parameters The. following design parameters shall be used for calculations requi~ed under this 'Code. 3-1 10/78 302.1 Exterior Design Conditions a) 1 Escambia Santa Rosa 0kaloosa Walton Holmes '~Bay~ Jackson Calhoun Gulf 3 Nassau Dural Baker Columbia Union Bradford Clay St. Johns Ala~hua Putnam Flagler 5 Marion Sumter Lake seminole Orange Polk OsceOla Hardee Highlands Okeechobee DeSoto Gadsden -Wakulla Leon Jefferson Madiso~ Taylor Hamilton Suwannee Lafayette Gilchrist Dixie 4 Levy CitrUs Pi~ Hillsborough Manatee Sarasota Pasco 6 Vol~uSia Brevard Indian River St. Lucie 3-2 10/78 (b) 7 8 Charlotte Glades Lee Hendry Collier MOnroe (excluding Area 9) Martin Palm Beach Broward Dade 9 The Keys, West of Long Key Exterior Design.Conditions · Winter Design Summer Design Zone Dry Bulb Dry Bulb Wet Bulb 1 ' 30°F · · 93°F ' 79°F 2 30OF , 920F 78OF 3' 32°F , 93°F ~ 79°F 4 40°F .' ' 91oF 79°F 5 3'8°F · 93°F . 79°F~ 6 _ 38°F 90OF 79OF 7 44°F , ~ 92°F 79OF' 8- 45°F , '91°F' ' 79°F 9 57°F 90°F 79°F 3-3 10/78 302 ..2 Interior Design Conditions (a) ~IndoOr Design Temperature. temperature shall be 72F 78F for cooling. Indoor design 303 ..1 (b) 303.0 be if it reSults in a '] e. Humidification. If humidification is provided during heating, it shall.be designed for a maximum relative'humidity of 30 percent. When comfOrt'air L1 the comfort envelope as defined in Std RS-4 shall be ~selected for minimum tot. al ~AC system energy use, Mechanical Ventilation Criteria VentilatiOn Ventilation air shall conform to-Std RS-3. The minimum column value ~of Std RS-3 for'each type of occupancy ~n. The ventilation quantit of up to 33 percent of the specified minimum outdoor air requirement, in Section 5 of Std RS-3 for recirculating HVAC systems is permitted. EXCEPTIONS: If outdoor air quantities other t-han those specified in Std RS-3 are used or, required because-of special occupancy or process requirements, source control of air ~contamination, health and-safety or other standards, the required outdoor-air quantities shall be used as the_basis for calculating the hea~ing and cooling design loads. 3-4 10/78 SECTION 4 BUILDING DESIGN BY .SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDINGS UTILIZING NON-DEPLETABLE ENERGYSOURCES 401.1 401.0 Scope General This section establishes design criteria in terms of total energy use by a building. 402.1 402.0 Systems Analysis Energy Analysis Compliance with this section will require an analysis of the annual energy usage, hereiaafter called an annual energy analysis. EXCEPTION: Sections 5, 6 and 8 of this Code establish criteria for different energy consuming and enclosure elements which, if followed, Will eliminate the requirement for an annual energy analysis while meeting the intent of this Code. A building designed in accordance with this section will be deemed as complying with this Code .if the calculated annual energy consumption is not greater than a similar building (defined as a "Standard design") whose enclosure elements and energy consuming systems are designed in accordance with Section 5. For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design",, it shall utilize the same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope area to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational schedule. 10/78 402.2 Design 402.3 speci :on'forming to the ~e and the propc designed on a common basis as n: of 1ve (b) The comparison shall Btu input per square foot of gross floor area per year. If the proposed' alternative design results in an increase in consumption of one and a 'decrease in another energy source, even though similar sources are used f0r~similar purposes, the difference in each energy source shall be converted to equivalent energy units for purposes of comparing the~total energy used.' AnalYsis Procedure The analysis of the annual energy usage of the standard and the proposed alternative building and'system design shall meet the following criteria.. (a) The building heating/cooling 1 ca la- ti'on procedure used for annual con- sumption analysis shall bender permit the evaluation of effect of factors specified in Section 402.4. The calculation procedure used to'simulate the operation of:~the building and its service systems through a full. Year operating period shall be detailed tO permit the evaluation of the effeCt'.of the system design, climatic faCtors, operational char- acteristics, and on annual energy usage. Manufa s data or comparable field test data shall be used when available in the simulation of all systems and~equipment. The-calCulation pro- cedure shall be based upon 8760 hours of operation of the building and its Service systems and shall utilize design methods based on ASHRAE Standards RS-t~ 11, 12 and I3. 4-2 10/78 402.4 402.5 Calculation Procedure The calculation procedure shall cover the follow- ing items: (a) Design requirements - Environmental requirements as required in Section 3. (b) Climatic data - Coincident hourly data for temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of tYpical days in the year representing seasonal variation. Building data - Orientation, size, shape, mass, air, moisture and heat transfer characteristics. (d) Operational characteristics- TemPerature, humidity, ventilation, illumination, control mode for occupied and unoccupied hours. (e) Mechanical equipment - Design capacity, part load prOfile. (f)~ Building loads - Internal heat generation, lighting, equipment, number of people during occupied and unoccupied periods. Documentation Proposed alternative designs, submitted as requests for exception to the .standard design criteria, .shall be accompanied by an energy analysis comparison report, The report shall provide technical detail on the two building and system designs and on the.data used in and re- sulting from the comparative analysis to' verify that both the analysis and the designs meet the criteria of Section 4 of this Code. 403.0 Non-Depletable Source Analysis 403.~1 10,/78 General Any proposed building utilizing solar, geothermal, wind or other non-depletable energy sources for all or hall meet the requirements of of this~C~d'e, except such non-de luded from the total annual allowed for the building by that sect (a) To qualify for this exclusion, such energy must be derived from a specific collection, storage and distributi~on'system. The° solar energy.passing thrOugh windoWs shall also.be considered as qualifying if such windows -.are provided with: operable insulating shutters or other devices Which, when drawn or-closed, shall cause the window ~area to reduce maximum outward 'heat floWs to those in accordance with Section 50~2.3(a) and Section-502.4 and, _2.. :the '.window areas are~ shaded or otherwise protected 'from direct rays of-the sun during periods when cOoling is .required. (b)' ExclusiOn shall also be grante'd~ where nocturnal cooling processes are used in Iieu of energy consuming mechanical cooling equipment. (c) All other criteria covered in Sections 401 and 402 shall apply to the proposed alternative designs sources of energy. (d) All depletable energy.consumed by'auxiliary equipment associated wi~h non,depletable energy.systems shall be .shown in the systems analysis. For'example,'~the~consumption must be shown for' all pumps 'and fans used ina Solar air conditioning s~stem, SUch ~auxiliar~ equip- ment freq, uent!~ consumes noteworth~ amounts of depletable energy, 4-4 10/78 403.2 (e) Ail depletable energy required to supplement or back up non-depletable energy systems shall be calculated and shown. Documentation Prop6sed alternative designs, submitted as requests-for exception to the standard design criteria shall be accompanied by an energy analysis, as specified in Section 402. The report shall provide technical detail on the alternative building and system designs and on the data employed in and resulting from the comparative analyses as to verify that both the analyses and the designs meet the criteria-of Sections 401, 402, and 403 of this Code. The energy derived from non-depletable sources and the reduction in conventional energy requirements derived from nocturnal cooling shall be separately identified from the overall building energy use. Supporting documentation, on the basis of the performance estimates for the aforementioned non-depletable energy sources or nocturnal cooling mea-ns, must be submitted. 4~5 10/78 SECTION 5 BUILDING DESIGN BY COMPONENT PE~ORMANCE APPROACH 501.1 502.1 501.0 Scope General Ail buildings that are heated or mechanically cooled shall be constructed so as to provide the required thermal performance of the various components. A building that is designed to be both heated and cooled shall meet the more stringent of the heating or cooling requirements as provided in this Code wh'en requirements of the exterior 'enVelope differ. 502.0 Building Envelope Requirements General (a) The stated Uovalue of any assembly such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor may be increased and the~Uo value for other components decreased provided that the total heat gain or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed the total resulting from conformance to the"Uo values specified-in Tables 5-1 and 5-2. (b) ,In addition to the criteria set forth in this section, the proposed design may take into consideration the thermal mass of bhilding components in considering energy conservation when approved by the Building Official. (c) When return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof/ceiling assembly shall: for thermal transmittance purposes, not include the ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly and, e for gross area purposes, be based upon the interior face of the upper plenum surface. 5-1 10/78 502.2 Criteria for Group "~" Residential Buildings For the purposes of this Code, Group R-Residential Buildings shall include: Type A-1 -Detached onem and two-family dwellings Type A-2 --All other residential buildings, three stories, or less in height. (a) Heating and Cooling Criteria :Any Residential building as herein defined that is heated or mechanically cooled shall have a combined thermal transmittance value (UO) of, the gross area of the element,s of the exterior building envelope not exceeding the value given in Table 5-1. Equation 1 shall be uSed to determine ~acceptable combinations of building components and thermal properties to meet this requirement. Fl'oors Over unheated Spaces: For floors of heated or mechanically cooled spaces over unheated spaces., the Uo value shall not exceed the value given in Table~5-1, Slab on Grade Floors: For slab on grade floors the thermal resistance of the insulation around the perimeter of the floor shall not be less than the value given in Table 5-1. The insUlation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of the slab then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum total distance of 24 inches and shall be an approved type. 5-2 10178 Table 5-1- Type A1 and A2 Residential Buildings Element Mode Value.. WallS Heating or Cooling Uo 0 30 'Max. ' Roof/Ceiling Heating or Cooling Uo' 0.05 Max. Floors Over ' .~eating or Coolinq Uo 0 30 Max. 'Unheated Spaces '- Heated Slab. · Heating'R ! 3.4 Min. On Grade' 1 Roof/ceiling assemblies in which the finished interior surface.is the underside of 2the roof deck, a maximum value Uo is 0~08 BTU/h .ft. F. 502.3 Criteria for Ail Other Buildings (a), Heating Criteria Buildings, other than Group R Buildings regulated by paragraph 502.2 that are heated shall have a .combined thermal transmittance value (UA) of the gross area of the elementsUof the exterior building envelope not exceeding the values given in Table 5-2. Equation 1 shall be used to determine acceptable combinations of building components and thermal properties to meet this requirement. e Floors Over Unheated Spaces: For floors of heated spaces over unheated spaces, the. Uo value-shall not exceed the value given in Table 5-2. 5-3 10/78 Slab on Grade Floors: For.slab on grade.floors the thermal resistance'of the insulation around the perimeter of the floor shall not be less than the from the top of the ~slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of the' slab'then (b) be an approved'type. Cooling Criteria 1. Walls: Any building that is.mechanically cooled shall have an overall thermal trans- fer value, OTTV, for the gross area of exterior walls, not exceeding the values given in Table 5-2. Equation 2 shall be used to determine acceptable combinations of building components and thermal proper- ties to meet these requir.ements for build- ings with equal amoUnts of glass on all walls. Equation 3 and Table 5-2A shall be used for buildings with walls that have unequal amounts of glass on exterior walls. Roof/ceiling: Any building that is mechanically cooled shall have a combined thermal, transmittance value Fenestration: When a fenestration is completely shaded from the sun at all ~imes the V~lue for north-orientation may be used for OSF in Equation 3 for that Particular fenestration, Shading may be by recessing of fenestration into building structure, overhangs and projections or sun shades.with adequate air movement between the shading device and the fenestration. 10/78 i EQUATION 1 UwAw + UgAg +..~ UdAd Uo = A 10/78 WHERE: Uo combined tr ext all, floor (Except slabs on grade.) :ance of :the mbly area, A = the gross exterior wall';'- floor Or area. Uw = the thermal transmittan opaque wall, floor or roof of the asSembly are. a. Aw = opaque wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly area. Ug = the.thermal transmittance of the glaZing (windOW or skylight) area. Ag = glazing area ' Ud = the thermal transmittance of the door, or similar opening. Ad = door area. Note: Where more than one type of wall, window, door, roof/ ceiling, and 'skylight is used, the U 'and A terms for those items shall be expanded into sUbelemen~s as.: UwlAW1 + Uw2Aw2 e Uw3Aw3 + etc. EQUATION 2 sc)+( OTTV W}iERE: OTTV = average or combined thermal transfer value'. .A ~ gross exterior wall 5-6 Uf Af = U value of opaque wall (al~l elements). = opaque wall area = U value of the fenestration area. = fenestration area TDEQ = temperature difference value (from table below). SC 10,/78 = shading coefficient of the fenestration (see definitions). = temperature difference between exterior and interior design condition, F. = solar factor value. Note: Where more than' one type of wall is used,~ the respective terms for those elements shall be expanded into subelements, as: (UwlAwlTDEQ1) + (Uw2Aw2TDEQ2) + etc. Table 5-2A Florida Orientation Solar Factors "OSF" Orientation Climate Areas (See Sec. 3) of Wall ~ J~,~,3 4,5,6 7,8 '~ 9 North 42 .42 4-3 43 Northeast 80 82 83' 84 EaSt 146 · 146 146 146. Southeast- . 163 158 · 155 153 South 150 142 137 134i Southwest 163 158'._ 155 ' 153 I West 146 146 146 146 Northwest 80 82 ~ .83 84 5-7 10/78 Equation 3~ and Table 5-2A use the,~ "Orientation Solar Factor" instead of the "Solar Factor". The ."orientation Solar~FactOr" permits additional glass on walls which receive~l°w amounts Of solar radiation (Nort.h, Northeast amd Northwest facing walls)and requ~ires less glass on walls with EQUATION 3 This equation is an expansion of equation 2 to permit use of an "Orientation Solar Factor", OSF, for each'wall of'a building,~ OTTV = (UwAwTDEo) . + (UfAf t) + AflOSF iSCI) + A (Af2OSF2SC2) -+. (Af3OSF3SC3). . + (Af4OSF4SC4) A etc. TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES (TD._) FOR USE WITH EQUATION 2 · WALLS /~EIGHT 0F ~ . ~ cONSTRUCTiON , · : LDS/Ft ' ~ TDE · FACTOR,~ 26-40 ' ' ~' '~ 37~" 41-70 ~ 30 1 and Above ' 23 5-8 502.4 Air Leakage for Ail Buildings 10/78 (a) The requirements of this section Shall apply to all buildings and structures or portions thereof_and apply to those locations separating outdoor ambient conditions from interior spaces that are heated or mechanically cooled and are not applicable to the separation of interior conditioned, spaces from each other. (b) Ail exterior doors and windows shall be de- signed to limit afr leakage into or from the building envelope. Manufactured doors and windows shall have air infiltratio~ rates not exceeding those shown in Table 5-3. Site constructed doors and windows shall be seal-ed in accordance with Section 502.4(c). (c) Exterior joints around windows and door frames; openings between walls and founda- tions, between walls and roof/ceilings and between wall panels; openings at penetra- tions of utility services through walls, floors and roofs; and all other such openings in the building envelope shall be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped or otherwise sealed in an approved manner. TABLE 5-3 ALLOWABLE AIR INFILTRATION RATES 1,2 WINDOWS ' RESIDENTIAL DOORS NON-RESIDENTIAL DOORS (cfm per foot ('cfm per square. (cfm per ].in. of operable foot of door area) foot of craCk) sash crack) . Sliding Glass Swinging Swinging, Sliding, . (Patio ~Type) Revolving 1 When tested at a pressure differential of 1.567 lb/ft.2 which is equivalent 'to the impact pressure of a 25 MPH wind. Compliance with the criteria for air leakage shall be determined by Std RS-2 Standard Method of Test for Rate of.Air Leakage Through fExterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors. 5-9 10/78 503.1 503'.0 Building Mechanical Systems General al by. the Building Official. 503.2 Calculations of Heating and Cooling LOads The design parameters specified in Section 3 shall ~apply for all computations. (a) Calculation Procedures. Heating and cooling 503.3 accordance with one of'the procedures described .in Chapters 24, 25 or 26 of Std.. RS-1 or an equivalent computation procedure. (b)' Infiltration. Infiltration for and cooling design loadS shall be calculated for all buildings except one- and two-family dwellings by the procedures in Chapters 21, 24 and 25 of Std. RS-1. Calc~Iations for one-and two-family dwellings may use the methods identified above or other accepted engineering practice.. Simultaneous Heating' and Cooling Use of' simultaneous heating and cooling by re- .heating or recoOling supply air Or by concurrent operation of independent heating and cooling systems serving a common zone shall be restricted as delineated below~ (a) provided the new energy expended in the recoverx process is less than the amount recovered, may be used for control of temperature~and humidity. (b) New Energy for HUmidity Control. NeW energy maybe used to prevent relative humidity 5-10 10/78 from rising above 60 percent for comfort control. New Energy for Temperature Control. New Energy may be used for temperature control if minimized in accordance with paragraphs (1) through (4). Reheat Systems. Systems~employing reheat and serving multiple zones, other than those employing variable air volume for temperature control, shall be provided with control that will automatically reset the system cold air supply~to the highest temperature level that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air. Single zone reheat systems shall be controlled to sequence reheat and cooling. Dual Duct and Multi-Zone Systems. These systems shall be provided with control that will automatically reset. Se The cold deck air supply to the highest temperature that will ~satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air. be¸ The hot deck air supply to the lowest temperature that will satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air. Multiple Zones. F.or systems with multiple zones, one or more zones may be chosen to represent a number of zones with similar heating/c6oling characteristics. 4. Concurrent Operation. C~ncurrent operation of independent heating and cooling systems serving common spaces and requiring the use of new energy ~for heating or cooling shall be minimized by one or both of the following: am By providing sequential temperature control of both heating and cooling capacity in each zone. 5-11 10/78 By limiting'the heat~energy input through automatic reset control of the 503.4 transmis ltration andf where e, to heat the ventilation air supply to the space. HVAC Equipment'Performance~Requirements (a)' EquiPment andComponents. Th'e requirements~Of this sectiOn apply and mechanical component ~ormance of heating, ventilating and air Conditioning systems. Equipment 'ieffiCienCy'levels are specified D~ta-furniShed bY_the equipment ' (b) program or rating procedure shall be used to satisfy these requirements. Equipment efficiencies shall be based on the Standard.Rating COnditiOns ShOwn in Table 5-9. Where components from more than one manufacturer are assembled into ted Under this section, compliance be shown as specified in paragraphs 503.4(b) through 503,4(g). HVAC System Heating Equipment Heat Pump- Heating Model Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely eleCtric shall show a coefficient 'of performance (COP) heating, not'less than ~he Values shOwn in Tabl~ 5-4. ' 1. These but mode. 5-12 10/78 TABLE 5-4 MINIMUM COP FOR }]EAT PUMPS HEATING MODEl SOURCE AND OUTDOOR · TEMPERATURE (F) .MINIMUM COP Air.Source - 47 dB/43WB ': 2.2 Air' Source :' 17 dB/15WB 1.2 Water'Sour'ce - 60 Entering 2 2' 1 When tested at the Standard Rating specified in' Table 5-9A Coefficient of Performance (COP) Heating: The ratio of the. rate of net heat output to the rate of total energy input, expressed in consistent units and under des-ignated rating conditions. The rate of net heat output shall be defined as the change in the total heat content-of the air entering and leaving the equipment (not including supplementary heat). Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all elements, except supplementary heaters, of the heat pump, including, but not limited to, compressors, pumps, supply- air fans, return-air fans, ou'tdoor _air fans, cOoling-tower fans, and the HVAC- sYstem equipment control circuit. -Supplementary Heater: The heat pump shall be installed with a control to prevent supplementary heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone. Supplementary heater operation is permitted during transient periods, such as start-ups, following room thermostat set-point advance and during defrost. 5-13 (c) (d) (e) 10/78 A two-stage thermostat, which controls ~ary heat on its second stag accepted as meetinq this requirement. The cut-on temperature for the compression heating stlall be the and the cut-off temp- for the ~ heating shall be higher, than the cut,~ ture Supplementary source of electric resistance heating or combustion heating. HVAC-System COmbustion }{eating Equipment. All gas and oil fired comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum combustion efficiency of 75. percent at maximum rated output.. Combustion efficiency is defined as 100 percent minus stack losses in percent of heat input. Stack losses ~are: Loss due to sensible heat in dry fuel gas. 2. Loss due to incOmplete CombUstion. 3. Loss due to sensible and latent heat in moisture formed by combustion of hydrogen in.the fluei Mechanical Ventilation. Each mechanical supply and exhaust Ventilation system Shall be equipped with a readily accessible means for either shut-off or volume reduction and shut-off when ventilation is not required. HVAC-Sys%em'Equipment, Electrically OPerated, Cooling Mode. HVAC-system equipment as listed b~low, whose energy input in the cooling mode is entirely electric, shall show a Coefficient of Performance (COP) - cooling not less than valueS shown in' Table~5-5. 5-14 TABLE 5-5 'MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR ~ I ELECTRICAL.mY DRIVEN HEATING, VEN~[[JA'?ING AN~ AIR coNDITIOMING SYST~.]~4 EQUIPMENP - COOLI~G~ STANDARD RATING cApAcITY EEl{ CO Under 65,000 Btu/h 6.1 118 1(19050 watts) 65,000 Btu/]~ (19050 watts) and 6.8 2'.0 Over 1When tested at the Standard Ratinq Condi~t~ions specified in Table 5-9B. 10/78 (f) These requirements apply to, but are not limited to, unitary cooling equip- ment (air-cooled~ water-cooled and evaporativety-cooled); the cooling mode of unitary heat pumps (air source and water source); packaged terminal air conditioners. e Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cool- ing: The ratio of the rate of net heat removal to the rate of total energy input, expressed' in consistent units and under designated rating conditions. The rate of net heat removal shall be defined as the change of the total heat content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without reheat). Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all elements of the equipment, including, but not limited to, compressors, pumps, supply-air fans, cooling-tower fans, and pumps, and the HVAC-system equipment control circuit. Applied HVAC-System Components, Electrically Operated, Cooling Mode. HVAC-system compon- ents, as listed in Table 5-6, whose energy input is entirely electric, shall show a Coefficient Of Performance (COP) cooling not less than ~he values shown in Table 5-6. 5-15 ].0/78 TABLE 5-5 MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR DRIVEN HEATING, VENTILATING AND TIONING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - iSTANDARDRATING CAPACITY ~ EER COp Under 65,000 Btu/h · 6.8 2.0 i (~19050 [watts) ' ' 165000 mtu/h (190'50W) and over 7.5 2.2 1 When tested at.the Standard Rating Conditions' specified in Table 5-9B These requirements apPlyJto, but are not limited to, unitary cooling equipment (air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporatively- cooled); the cooling mode of unitary heat pumps (air source and water source)~ packaged terminal air conditioners. Coefficient of Performance ~COP) Cooling: The ratio of the rate of net heat removal to the rate of tOtal energy.input, expressed in consistent units and under designated rating conditions. The rate'of net heat removal shall be defined as the change 'in the~ total heat content of'the air 'entering and leaving the equipment (without reheat). Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all elements of the equipment, including, but not limited to, .compressors,~ pumps, suPply- air fans, cooling-tower fans, and pumps, and the HVAC-system .eqUiPment~control circuit,. HVAC-SyStem Componenets, Electrically Operated, Cooling Mode..HVAC~system components','as listed in Table 5-6, Whose-energy input is entirely eleCtric, shall show a Coefficient of Performance (CoP)~cOoling not less than the values Shown in Table 5-6. 5-15A 10./78 TABLE 5-6 MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN HEATING VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM COMPONENTS1 · CONDENSING '~AIR WATER, i _EVAPORATOR~ COMPONENT MEANS EER COP EER COP EER I COP Centrifugal 7.5 2.2 12.9 3.8 Self~contained poSitiVe Water.Chillers Displacement 7.2 2 1 i0.9~ 3.2 i Condenserless Positive Water Chillers Displacement 8 9~ 2 6 10.9 3.2 · Compressor and Condenser Units 65,000 Btu/h. Positive (19,050 watts Displacement 7.8 2.3 11.3 3.3 ' 11.3 3.3 and over)2 1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-9C. 2 Ratings in accordance with Std. RS-14 as applicable, COP based on condensing unit standard Rating Capacity and energy input to the unit, all at sea level. (g) Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling: The ratio of the ~rate of net heat removal to the rate of ~otal energy input, expressed in consistent units and under designated rating conditions.. The rate of net heat removal is defined as the difference in total heat contents of the water or refrigerant entering and leaving the component. Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all elements and accessories of the component, including, but'not limited to, compressor(s), internal circulating'pump(s), con- denser- air fan(s), evaporative,condenser cooling water pump(s), purge, and the HVAC-system component control circuit. HVAC-System Equipment - Heat Operated, Cooling Mode. Efficiency Limitation. Equipment: Heat-operated cooling equipment shall show a (COP) - cooling not less than the values shown in Table 5-7. These requirements apply to, but are not-limited to, absorPtion equipment, engine driven equipment and turbine driven equipment. 5-16 10/78 TABLE 5-6 CONDENSING AIR MEANS 'ORATOR er ugal 718 2.3 13.6 ~.0 Positive Displacement 7.5 2.2 11.6 314 Positive DisplaCement 9.5 2.8 111.6 3.4 Compressor and Condenser Units 65.,000 Btu/h (19/050 ~atts) and Over Positive Displacement 8.5 2.5 11,9 3.5 11.9 3.5 1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified .in Table 5-9C. 2 Ratings in accordance with Std. RS-14 as applicable, COP based on condensing unit Standard Rating Capacity and energy input to the unit, all at sea level. 1, Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling: The ratio of the rate of net heat removal to the rate input, expressed in.consistent units and under designated rating conditions. The rate of net heat removal' is defined as the difference in total heat Contents of the water.or refrigeran~ entering and leaving the component. Total energy input shall be determined by combining (g) denser- air fan(s), evaporative-condenser cooling water pump(s), purge, and the HVAC-system component control circuit. HVAC-System Equipment - Heat Operated, Cooling Mode. EffiCiency Limitation. Equipment: Heat-o ~ cooling equipment shall show a-( less than the values shown'in Table ~se s apply to, but are not limited to', absorption~equipment,.engine driven equipment andturbine driven equipment. 5-16A 10/78' TABLE 5~7 MINIMUM COP FOR HEATING VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM HEAT OPERATED COOLING EQUIPHENT HEAT SOURCE MI'NIMUM ,COP Direct Fired (gas, oil) 0.40 Indirect Fired (steam, hot water~ 0.65 503'.5 503.6 503.7' Coefficient of Performance (COP): The ratio of the total net cooling Output to the total heating input (electrical auxiliary inputs excluded). Energy for Air Delivery The air transport factor for each all-air HVAC system shall not be less than 8.0. The factor shall be based on design System air flow for cons%ant volume systems~ The factor for variable air volume systems may be based on average~conditions of~operation. Energy for transfer of air through heat recovery devices shall not be included in determining the factor; however, such energy shall be included in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the heat recovery system. Space Sensible Heat Removal* Air Transport Factor=- Supply + Return Fan(s) Power Input* *Expressed in Btu/h Balancing The HVAC system design shall provide means for balancing the air and water systems including, but not limited to, dampers, temperature and pressure test connections and balancing valves. Controls (a) Temperature Control. Each HVAC system shall be provided with at least one adjustable thermostat for the regulation of temperature. Each thermostat shall be capable of being set as follows: 5-17 TEM 10/78 503.5 Direct Fired~ (gaS, oil)~1 . '~' '~ i '0~48 Indirect Fired '(steam, hot-water), 0,68 1.~ Coefficient~Of Performance (COP): The-ratio~of the total net cooliog output to the total heating input (electrJCal.auxiliary inputs excluded). Energy Tor Air Delivery The air transport factor for each~all-air HVAC ~system shall not ~be-less tha~ 8.0. The factor shall be based on deSign System air -flow for~ constant -votume~'systems.~The factor for variable ai~ volume systems may be based ~of~operation~ Energy for~trans ~ir ~through heat reco.very devices shall.nOt be included in deteznnining the factor; ~hoWever, such energy shall be included in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the heat recovery system, ~ 5.0.3.6 503.7 Air Transport Factor= Space Sensible' Heat Removal * SupplY ~+ Return Fan~(s) power Input * *Expressed in Btu/h Balancing The. HVAC system design shall provide means, for balancing the'air and water systems i~cluding, but not pressure -Controls (a) TemPeratureControl,. :Each HVACsystem shall be provided with at i. east one adjustable thermostat for'the regulation of~ temperature. Each thermostat shall be caoable of being set a.s -follows: 5-17A ~ 10/78 (b) (c) Where used to control heating only, a maximum temperature setting of 75F. Where used to control cooling only, a minimum temperature setting of 70F. e Where used to control both heating and cooling, it shall have a maXimum heating mode temperature setting of 75F and a minimum cooling mode temperature setting of 70F and-shall be capable of operating the system heating and cooling in sequence.- It shall be adjustable to provide a temperature range of up to 10F between full. heating 'and full cooling, except as allowed in~503.3(c)5b. Humidity Control. If ,a HVAC system is equipped With a ~means for adding moisture' to maintain:specific selected relative humidities in spacesor zones, a humidistat shall be provided. This device shall be 'capable of being set to prevent new energy from being used to produce space relative humidity above 30 percent relative humidity. Where a humidistat is used in a t~ac system for controlling moisture removal to main- tain specific selected relative humidities in spaces or zones, it shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from being used to produce a space relative humidity below 60 percent relative humidity. EXCEPTION: Special occupancies requiring different relative humidities may be permitted by the Building Official. Zoning for Temperature Control. One-and Two-Family Dwellings~ At least one thermostat for regulation of space· temperature shall be provided for each separate HVAC system. Multi-Family Dwellings. For multi- family dwellings, each individual dwelling unit shall be considered 5-I8 10/78 separately and shall meet the above requirements.: Spaces-Other than ~li~ing'Units~ shail meet the require- ments of Section 503~7(c) 3. ~All-O~her. Types of Buitdinqs or Occupancies. At least one thermostat ~of: space temperature provided for: Se HVAC system. Each separate Zone as defined in Section 2. As .a minimum~ each floor of a b~ilding shall be con- sidered as a separate zone. In a ~multi-story building where the per- imeter system offsets only the transmission losses of the~ exterior Wall, an entire side of uniform exposure may be zoned separately. -A readily accessible means shall be provided to balance the heating and/or cooling input to each floor. 4. Control Setback and Shut'off. · Residential Occupancy Groups: One-~andTwo'.Family and MUlti- Family Dwellings ~ The thermostat ~equired in 503~7~c) 1 and~2 or an alternate means inclUding, but not ~ ~ limited to, a switch or clock, · Shall provide a readily accessible manual or automatic means for reducing the energy required for heating and cooling, during periods of non-use or reduced- need includ- ~ing, but not limited to, uno~ccupied peri'ods and sleeping hours. Lower- ing thermostat set points to reduce energy consumption of heating sys- tems shall not cause energy to be expended to reach the reduced setting. Other Buildings and Occupancies. Each HVAC system shall be equipped with-a readily accessible means 5-19 10/78 of shutting off or reducing the energy used for HVAC during periods of non-use .or alternate uses of the building spaces or zones served by the system. Acceptable means include, but are not limited to: Manually adjustable automatic timing devices, - Manual devices for use by operating personnel,, and 503.8 - Automatic control systems. Air Handling Duct System Insulation All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on 'buildings shall he thermally insulated as follows: a) All duct systems, or portions thereof,-:shall be~insu!ated to provide a thermal resistance, excluding .fi.tm resistances, of: ~ = ~ t 15 where t = the design temperature differential between the a~r in the duct and the surrounding a~r in F. :~, For heating mode.~ attic temperatures shall be · ~. determined, from RS-1 Chapter 24. For cooling mode, attic temperatures shall be determined , from RS-ll~ Chapter 3. . EXCEPTIONS: Duct insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not re- quired in any of the following cases: 1. Where ~ t is 25F or less. Supply or return air ducts installed in unventilated crawl spaces With insulated walls, basements or cellars in one- and two-family dwellings. When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not increase the energy requirements of the building. 5-20 10/78 503.9 503.10 4. Within H,VAC.equipment. 5.. EXhaust air ducts. (b) Addi shal to prevent EXCEPTION: May he'omitted when it can be shown ~hat COndensation is not~a problem. Ail duct Work Shall be constructed and[erected in accordance with Standards RS, 5, RS-17, RS-18, RS-19 or'RS- Mechanical, Code.of the j (a) High-pressure ducts shall be teak tested.in'a ~ with the applicable-Reference Standards in Section 7 of the Code with the rate of air.~eakage not to exceed .the maximum rate specified in that Standard. (b) When low pressure suPply air ducts are located outside of the conditioned space., except those located within.'return air ple~nums, all 'oint shall be'sealed using mastic duct-work, (c) AutomatiC ~Or :manua. 1 dampers-installe:d for the purpose of intakes for ventilation-al ~qnE~.d withtight shUt-off CharacteK'istics .to minimiz~, air leakage. 1Optional provisiOn,ma}!' be used. by agencJ~e~S that have adopted a mechanical that includes equivalent duct constru Piping Insulation installed and wi~ insulatted in accordance , except as state.d herein (for service water heatin~ Systems see Se~ctiOn 504.0). 10/78 (a) Other Insulation,, Thi,ckness. Insulation thickness in Table 5-8 is based on insula- tion having t~.ermal resistance i§ the range of 4,0 h F' ft~/Btu to 4.6 h F ft~/Btu per inch of thickneS~ on a flat surface at a mean temperature of 75F. TABLE FLU I D - liEAT I NG ~w Press ur e/'l'emp 201~2b0 1 1' 1-1/2 1-1/2 2 Low Tcmp~r4tu}e ~ " ]20-200 !/2 3/4' i 1 1 1-1/2 ' '(lox Feed Wats, r) Any 1 1 1, 1-1/2 1~}/2 2 Chilled Water · ' ' , 40-'55r 1'/2 1/2 3/4 1 1 ! R~riguran~ , ~r 1 Run,outs not_ *_~xceuding 12' In l~ngth tc individual T~rmlnal Units. 5-22 10/78 ~4.6 as 'fOllows: hall be .als having R values reduced for greater than For materials with thermal. resistance greater than R 4.6 m insulation thickness.may foltows~' Table 5-8 Thickness Actual R = New. Minimum ThickneSs 2. For materials with thermai less than R=4.0,-the minimum insulation thickness shall be increased as foltows: 4.0 X .Table 5--8 Thickness: _ New Minimum Thickness Actual R not required in any of the following cases: PiPing'installed 'within HVAC equiPment. Piping at temperaturesbetween 60F and 120F when not required for energy conservation purposes. When the heat loss and/or heat gain of' the piping, without .insulatiOn, does not inCreasel the energy requirements of the building. Piping, installed in unventilated crawl spaces with insulated walls and basements or cellars in one~ and two-family dwellings. Additional insulation with vaPor barriers shall be provided to prevent condensation. 5~23 TABLE 5-9A 10/78 HVAC SYSTEM HEATING EQUIPMENT (HEAT, PUMPS) STANDARD RATING 'CONDITIONS CONDITIONS 'TYPE AIR SOURCE WATER'SOURCE Air Entering ' Equipment F 70 db 70 db 70 db Outdoor Unit 47 db/ 17 'db Ambient F 43 wb ,15 wb - , 'Entering Water Temperature F - - 60 Waber'Flow Rate - - as used'in cooling mode TABLE 5-9B HVAC SYSTEM EQUIPMENT STANDARD RATING CONDITIONS - COOLING I TY CONDITIONS ' PE TEMPERATURES . DB WB ~NLET OUTLET Air Entering ' .Equipment F ' 80 67 - - Condenser Ambient (Air Cooled) ,, F 95 75 - - Condenser Water (Water Cooled) F - - - 85 95 Standard Ratings are at sea level 5-24 TABLE 5-9C APPLIED HVACsySTEM COMPONENTS IONS ~. COOLING 10/78 I rem . emp ,Entering Chilled Water Temp Leaving Condenser Water Temp Enter~ing Water Temp Non-Ferrous Tube's. Fouling~ FactOr, Water Steel Tubes lFouling Factor, Refrigerant mt (Air or Cooled) COmpressor ! Water Cooled ~,Saturated I'or Evap. CoOled) , ~ischarge Temp[ .Air Cooled Standard Ratings are at sea level. F F F F F F F Wat, 44 54 '95 85 0.0005 o .oo10 0.0000 95 db/75 wb enSerless 44 54 0.0005 0.0010 0.0000 1'05 120 5-25 10/78 504.0 Service Water Heating 504.1 Scope 504.2 The purpose of this section is to provide criteria for design and equipment selection that will produce energy savings ~when applied to service water heating. Water Heaters, Storage Tanks, Boilers, and Piping (a) Performance Efficiency. Electric Storage Water Heaters. Ail auto- matic, electric storage water heater(s) shall have a stand-by loss not exceeding 4.0 watts/ft2 of tank surface area when tested in accordance with Std' RS-6. Gas and Oil Fired Storage Water }{eaters. Ail gas and oil fired automatic storage water heaters shall have a recovery efficiency (Er) not less than 75 percent and st.and-by loss percentage ($) not exceeding: S = 2.3 + 67/V where V = rated vOlume in gallons when tested in accordance with Std RS-7. - EXCEPTION: In utilizing. Std RS-7 to test oil-fired units Cf = 1.0; Q equals total gallons of oil consumed; and H equals total heating value of oil in Btu/gal. Insulation. tIeat loss from unfired hot water Storage tanks shal be limited to a maximum of 15 Btu/h f~ of exte~na/~ tank surface area. The design ambient temperatu,re shall be no higher than 65F. ,Combination Service Water Heating/Space Heating Boilers. Service water heating equipment shall not be dependent on year 5-26 10/78 round operation of space heating boilers.; (:that is, 'boilers that have as another function winter space heating,). EXCEPTION: Exempt from these requirementsare systems with service~space heating boil'ers , .... , having a stand~by loss B'tu/h less-than: n :pmd = probable maximum demand in gallons/ ~our as determined in accordance' ~ith Chapter 37~io:f Standard.RS-ii. n = fraction of year-when outdoor daily mea'n'::temp~ratureexceeds 64.9F. The stand-bY loss is-to be determined fOr_a test period o,f 24 h duration While maintaining a boiler water temperature of 90F above .ambient.. (b) Temperature Controls. 1; : Automatic Controls. Service water heating systems shall be equipPedwith automatic temperature controls capable of adjustment frOm the 1.Owest to the highest acceptable'temperature settings; for the:intended use. Temperature setting range shall-be in accordance with,Chapter-37, Table 2 of Standard RS-11. ¸3. Shut Down. A separate switch.shall be provided, to permit turning off the energy: supplied to electric 'service water heating systems. A'.separate val:ve shai1 be provided to permit turning off the energy supplied to the main, burner(s) of all other types of service water heating systems. Swimming Pools. a. Heated swimming pools Shall be . ' ' equipped, with controls'tolimit 'heating water temperatures to"no more than 80F. 5-27 10/78 504.3 504.4 504.5 505.1 EXCEPTION: Pools used for therapeutic purposes are exempt from this requirement when approved by the Building Official~ Uncovered or unenclosed heated pools shall be controlled so that the electric or fossil-fueled pool water heating systems are inoperative whenever the outdoor air temperature is below 60F. Pump Operation Circulation hot water systems shall be~arranged so that the circulation pumps can be conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the hot water system is not in operation. Pipe Insulation For recirculation systems, piping heatoloss shall be limited to a maximum of 25 Btu/h ft~ of external pipe surface for above ground piping and a maximum of 35 Btu/h ft2 of external pipe surface for under- ground piping~ Maximum heat loss shall be determined at a ~ t equal to the maximum water temperature minus a design ambient temperature no higher than 65F. Conservation of Hot Water (a) Showers. Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow control devices to limit total flow to a maximum of 3 gpm per Shower head. (,b) Lavatories or Restrooms of Public Facilities shall: 505.0 Be equipped with outlet devices which limit the flow of hot waker to a maximum of 0.5 gpm. Be equipped with devices which limit the outlet temperature to a maximum of ll0F. Electrical Power and Lighting General Electrical distribution'and lighting systems shall be designed for efficient distribution a~d use of 5-28 · 5O5.2 electrical energy from service entrance to and at the points of use as provided herein. 10/718 (a):/ Pc . . g~ equipment, rated load component, shall not less than 85 percent conditions. Power factor of less percent shall be correct reactance tot load an'85 st 90 percent under rated load conditions. Power vices, tlled to comply :Ode, shall' be ["with the ' utilization equipment except where this inter- feres with th'e intended operation of-the Cquipmen t. (b) Service· Voltage. Where a ch'oice of service be made'to determine which service voltage would prOduCe the least energy loss, and that voltage shall be selected. (c)' ,Voltage Drop.~ In'any building, the maximum total vOltage droP shall nOt exCeed three percent in .branch circuits or feeders, for a total .of 'five percent to the farthest~ outlet based on steady' state design load conditions. (d) ' iLighti, nglSwitching. Switching shall be pro- vided for each circuit, or for portiOns of each circuit~ so that the partial lighting required for custodial or for effective-com- Plementary use With natural lighting may be (e) Determination. In all multi- family'dwellings, provision shall be made to determine the energy Consumed by each tenant' ' by separately metering individual dwelling units. A single meter for the building .can be installed to determine power company Charges with sub- metering for each tenant to pro rate the charges .bet. ween', tenants. 5-29 10/78 505.3 Lighting Power Budget (a) Building Interiors A lighting power budget is the upper limit of the power to be available to provide the liohtinq needs in accordance With the criteria specified herein. The lighting power budqet for the bUildin~ shall be the sum of the power limits computed for all lighted interior and exterior spaces in watts divided by the ~ross square footage of the build- ing including lighted balconies and walkways. EXCEPTIONS: One and two,family detached dwellings and the dwelling portion of multi-family build- ings are exempt from the requirements of Section 505.3 Theatre audit, oriums, entertainment, audio-visual presentations and motion picture-and televLsion studios where the lightin~ is an essential tech- nical element for the function performed, are exempt from the requirements of Section 505.3 Liqhting power budgets are to be obtained from table 5-10. (Page 5-31) (b) Building Exteriors. Facade lighting for budget purposes shall be no greater than 2 percent of the total interior load of the building. Sign and showcase lighting shall be controlled by time clock switches to turn systems off late at night. Photo electric switches may be used to turn systems on Security lighting shall not be on the same switches with signs and showcases. 5-30 TABLE ~5-10 MAXIMUM LIGHTING POWER BUDGETS FOR BUILDING INTERIORS TYPE OF AREA Houses (Public Spaces) Banks WATTS PER SQUARE :.:FOOT. MAXIMUM 2.1 1.7 .... 2.8 2.8 3.5 Barber Shops and Beauty Parlors Churches and Synagogues 4¸.4 ngs Drug Stores - See Merchandising GarageS - SerVice Stations 2.8 2.4 2.1 0.6 2.3 2.1 tnd Motels 1,7 3.5 .sing~ ops (Less.than 15,000 sF) Department Stores Drug~Stores ' 3.. 7 3.7 3.0 Municipal Buildings Police Station .ce, Court Building Galleries) :~. Office Buildings Accounting and .General Offices ReStaurants Schools~(ClasSroom and .Administrative 2.9 1.8 2.8 3~0 2¸. 7 2.7_ 2.6 Table Notes: 1. Buildings with Specially dirty atmospheres or non-reflective surfaces must be given special consideration. 2. Budgets numbers include ballast 'losses. 10/78' 5-31 SECTION 6 BUILDING DESIGN BY ACCEPTABLE PRACTICE 10/78 601.0 Scope 601.1 General 602.1 602.2 The requirements contained in this section are applicable ~only to buildings less than five thousand square feet_ in gross floor area and three stories or less in height. The provisions of this section are limited to residential buildings that are heated or mechanically cooled and to other buildings that are heated only. Buildings con- structed in accordance with this section are deemed to comply with this Code° 602.0 Building Envelope Requirements General The various wall, roof and floor assemblies in Appendix Table 6-lA, B and C, 6-'2 and 6-3 are typical and are not intended to be all inclusive. Other assemblies may be used provided documentation is submitted indicating the thermal~ transmittance value_of the opaque section. Such documentation shall be in accordance with accepted engineering practice. The proposed design may. take into consideration the thermal mass of the building when considering energy conservation, when approved by the Bui!ding Official. criteria - Heating and Cooling (a) Walls. The combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) of the exterior walls shall not exceed the value specified~in Table 5-1 or 5-2 as appropriate for the building type.. The U_ of the wall shall be determined by selecting the Uw value for the wall section from ApPendix T~ble 6-lA, B or C and modifying the ~w by the use of Chart 6-A or 6-B based on the glazing area. (b) Roof/Ceiling. The roof/ceiling assembly shall be selected from Appendix Table 6-2 for thermal transmittance value not exceeding the value sPecified for roof/ceiling in Table 5-1 or 5-2 as appropriate for the building type. 6-1 10/78 Spaceso~ The floor section over an space shall be selected from' Appendix Table 6-3 ~for the thermal tranSmittance value (Uo value) not exceeding the value specified for flOors in Table ,5-1 or 5-2 as appropriate for the building type. (d) ~ S1 ~rs. For thermal R) of the perimeter of the floor less than the ~ give in Table 5-1 or 5-2 as appro~ for the building type. tThe insulation shall extend doWnward from the top of the'slab for a minimum distance of 24 inChes or downward to the bottom~of the slab then horizontally beneath the Slab for a minimum total distance of 24 inches. floors, around Air 'Leakage (a) Windows and Doors. Ail windows and'doors shall conform,to Section 502.4(b). (b) Caulking. Exterior-joints'aroundwindows and door ~s~between walls and ~ walls and roof.and between wall of- utility servi .s, floors and roofs, and other such' openings in the building en,velope shall be ~caulked, gasketed, weather~triPped~ or OtherWise sealed in an appr0ve~.ma~ner. General~ All HVAC '~ces,.~component elements sS to the this section. Systems other than combustion heating equ£pment'and regulated be designed in accordance with the requirements of Sec~tion 5~ of this Code~ HvAC~'EqUipmon.~ PerfOrmance .Requirements [a)~ .'Heating and Mechanical 'Cooling Equipment 6--,2 lO/?a (b) Performance. The requirements of'this section apply to equipment and mechanical component performance. Equipment shall be rated in accordance with section 503.4(a). All heating and mechanical coolinq equipment shall meet the required efficiency factor specified herein or in Tables 6.-4, 6-5, 6~6 and 6-7 for the specific type of device. CombustiOn Heating Equipment. Ail gas and Oil fired comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum combustion efficiency of 75 percent at maximum rated output. Combustion efficiency is defined as 100 Percent minus stack losses in percent of heat input. Stack losses are: 1. Loss due to sensible heat in dry flue gas. 2. Loss due to incomplete combustion. Loss due to sensible and latent heat in moisture formed by combustion of hydrogen in the flue; TABLE 6-4 MINIMUM COP FOR HEAT PUMPS HEATING MODE1 soURcE AND OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE (F) MINIMUM COP Air Source - 47 dB/43WB 2.2 Air Source - 17 dB/1BWB I 1.2 ' Water Source - 60 Entering~ 2.2 ~ 1 When tested at the Standard Rating specified in Table 5-9A 6-3 10/78 TABLE 6-5 ER AND COP'FOR VENTILATING AND [( ?MENT 2 COOLING1 underi6,5,0,0Q Btu/hl (19050'~wattS) 6~1 1.8 6-5,000 Btu/h (19,050 'watts) and over 6;8 ~ 2.0 Standard Rating Conditions specified in TABLE6,6 MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR ELECTRICALLY'DRIVEN HEATING VENTILATING,AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM cOMPoNENTS1 '. ~ ~'~' MEANS~ 'EER COP' EER i COP . EER--CO~ '- Centrifugal 7.5':' 2,2 12.9 3,8 ! ~ ~i !~it~°~ined ~ Posi~iV~-': ~ , , , water'Chillers Displacement 7.'2 :~ 2.1~ 10.9 3.2 , i ~ CondenserleSs .Positive ' L ~ ~ ~ water C'hillers Displacement 8.9 2,.6 10.9 3.2~ Comp'ress°r and ~ ~ ' i' ' ' ~ , ~' ~ ~n~enser!Unitls , .'. 6~00,0 ! Btu/h~ Positive .~' · r ~' /(I9'~050: ~a-{ts)' ' Displacement' "7.8 2.'3 ~' 11.3 3,3 i 11.3 3.3 1 When tested ,at the Standard Rating ConditiOns specified in Table 5-9C 2 al ' · ' R t~ngs In aCcordances'with Std RS-14 as applicabie. COP based:on-condensing~unit Standard Rating Capacity and energy all'at sea t:evel. 1.0/'78 TABLE 6-5 MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - COOLING! STANDARD RATING CAPACITY' ' EER -COP Under 65,000 Btu/h (19050 w~tts) 6.8 2.0i O00'Btu/ 65, h (19,050 watts) and ow~r 7.5. 2.2 When tested at the Standard 'Ratinq Conditions speci Table 5-9B. f ed in TABLE 6- 6 MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN IIEATIN~ VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM'CO[1PONENTS± ' CONDENSING' AIR 'WATER EVAPORATOR MEANS EER COP EER COP EER COP Centrifugal ~~ 7.8 2.3 13.6 4.0 Self-contained PoSitive Water Chillers' Displacement' 'i 7.5 2.2 11.6 3.4 Condenserless ' Positive Water Chillers Displacement 9.5 2.8 11 6 3.4 compressor and Condenser units 65,000 Btu/h (19,050 watts) ,Positive and over2 Displacement 8.5 2.5 11.'9 3.5 ~1 9 3.5 1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-9C 2 Ratings in accordance with Std RS-14 as applicable. COP based on condensing .unit Standard Rating Capacity and energy input to the unit, all at sea leVel. 6-4A 10/78 , TABLE 6-7 MINIMUM C~ VENT ! Di2ect fired (,gas., Oil) ': i ', '0.40 , llndirect flred ('steam', 'hOt water) 0.65 603.3 Controls (a) Temperature Control. shall be provided with at least one adjustable thermostat for the regulation, of temperature. Each thermostat shall be.capable of being set as folloWs: Where used to control heating only, a maximum temperature setting, of 75F. 2. Where used to contrOi'iCooling only, a minimum temperature setting of 70F. 3', Where used to contro~l both heating and cooling, thermostat Shall be in accordance with Section 503.7(a) 3. (b) Zonin~g for Temperature Control· 2~ One- and Two-family Dwellings. At least one thermos~at~ for regulation of space- temperature shall be provided for each separate HVAC system~ - In addition, a readily accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to'partially restrict or shut off the heating or cooling input to each zone or floor. Multi-famiIy~Dweltings. For multi-family dWellings~ each-individual dwelling unit shall:be considered~separately and shall meet the requirements of Section 603;1(b)1.~ ..Spaces other than living units shall meet the~reqUirements of Section 503.7(c) 3~ ' ' ' 6-5 10/78 TABLE 6-7 MINIMUM COP FOR HEATING VENTtLATtNG~AND AIR CONDIT.ION!NG SYSTEM HEAT OPERATED COOLING EQUIPMENT HEAT SOURCE . ~ MINIMUM Direct fired (~g~s, oil) · 0 48 Indirect fired (steam,~hot water) ~ 0.68 603.3 Controls (a) Temperature Control. Each heating system shall be provided with at least one adjustable thermostat for the regulation of temperature.. EaCh thermostat shall be capable of being set as follows: Where used to control heating only, a maximum temperature sething of 75F. Where used to control cooling only, a minimum temperature setting of~ 70F. Where used to control both heating and cooling, thermostat shall be in 'accordance with Sec'tion 503.7(a) 3. (b) zoning for Temperature Control. .1. One- and Two-family Dwellings. -At least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be provided for each separate HVAC system. In addition, a readily accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to partially_ restrict or shut off the heating or Cooling input to ~each zone or floor. Multi-family Dwellings. For multi-family dwellings, each individual dwelling unit .shall be considered separately and shall-meet the requirements of Section 603.1(b)1. Spaces other than living units shall meet the requirements of Section 503.7.(c)3. 6-5A 10/78 603.4 603.5 Control Setback and:S~utoff. One- and Two- family~.and Multi-family DWeilings.~'The .. _ thermostat requiredin i and 2 above or an alternate means :such ~as a Switch or clock Shall provide a"readi!Y accessible manual dUringperiods of non-use or reduced need,' including, but not limited to,-'unoccupied hOurs ..... Lowering thermostat set points to reduce energy consumption of heating ~systems shall not cause energy to be expended to reach the reduced setting. Air Handling D~ct System Insulation All.dUcts, ~s inStalled in or on buildings sha ~ thermally insulated and constructed in accordance with Section 503.09. Piping InsulatiOn Led to serve buildings or within · s s thermally insulated in accordance with Table 6~8,' except as' stated in Section 503~9. TABLE 6-8 MINIMUM. PIPE INSULATION ~ . iNsULATioN THICKNESS~IN ., ~_ INCHEs FOR PIPE SIZES ' ' ATURE UP,,TO AND T? !T? T? :'AND ~PIPING sYSTEM TYPES RANGE iF 2 ~ LESS 2 ' 4' 6 ~,LARGER 'HEATING 's 'STEMs . _ Steam.and ' ' ' ' Hot Water . · ~ High Presure Temp 30,6-450 ~, 1% 1%' 2 , 2% , 3% 3½. Med.' Pressure Temp 25i-~305.- 1% ' 1% 2 ' ~k LOw Temperature 120,200 ~ .% ,3/4 .'1 1 ±~ Steam Condensate . / ~ ' . . ~ l'(for Feed water) Any ! · 1~ 1 1½~ 1~ ' 2 '.coOLiNG SYSTEMS . '~ ..: ' · ~ 3/4 ' Chilled Wate'r~ . 40-55 ' ½ ½ Refrigerant or - · ' ,~ Brine ' ' Below 40 -1 1 .i½ 1½, 1% 1½ RUnouts not exceeding 12' in length to individUal Terminai Units. 6-6 604.1 604.2 10/78 604.0 Service Water Heating Service Water Heating Water heating storage ,tanks, boilers and piping for all water heating systems shall be installed in accordance With Section 504.2. (a) Performance Efficiency. Water heaters shall be labeled as meeting the efficiency requirements of Section 504.2(~a). (b) Temperature Controls. Service water heating systems shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable of adjustment from the lowest to the.highest acceptable temperature settinqs for the intended use. ,. Shut-down. A separate switch shall be provided to permit turning off the energy supplied to electric service water heating systems. A separate valve shall be provided to permit turning off the energy supplied to the main burner(s) of all other types of service water heating systems. 3. Swimming Pools. Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with control-s to limit 'heating water temperature to no more than 80F. EXCEPTIONS: Pools used for therapeutic purposes are exempt from this requirement when apprOved by the Building Official. Uncovered or unenclosed-heated pools shall be controlled so that the electric or fossil-fueled pool water heating systems are inoperative whenever ~the outdoor air temperature is below 60F. Pump Operation Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so that the circUlating pump(s) can be conveniently turned of~ automatically~ or manually, when .the hot water system is not in operation. 6-7 '604~3 604.4 10/78 Insulation pipe of 35 B underg~ ng system oss shall be of external ' ~ing~and a maximum ~,for be )erature of no hi:g ?. Conservation of Ho~'Water (b) Ln safety reasons e control.deviCes to limit ~ flow to a maximum of three gpm per shower head. Lavatories in facilities shall conform to the'requirements of Section 504.5(b) 605.0 ElectriCai Power and Lighting The electrical power distribution and lighting systems shall conform to the requirements of Sections 505.2 and 505.3. are exempt.from~the requirements of this section. 6-8 CHART 6-A 6- 9 10/78 CHART 6-B 6-10 10/78 WALL ASSEMBLIES TABLE 6-1A Uw Selected Shall Not Exceed The Uo Determined By Section 602.2(a) For Any Wa Sect.ion. Ndte: Detail's Shown Are For Insulation And Are Not Complete Cor~st, Details. ~P- INTERIOR F~NI'S'H- - .... YYP, ~x7~16c~ F~'~H .... It. 'GYPSUM WA~OARD - 1. ST~CO · 2 ,LATH & PLASTER- 2. WD. OR PL~D, SDG. 3. ~"MIN. WD.PANELiNG 3 BR' K V IN]ERIOR FINISH ~ .~f '~ E~ER O~FIN~H ....... 7 '~'"~'~ ...... ........... ~J SECTION ~/ ' ' - - P~N . . . / ' - , ,~I ~ EXTERIOR FINISH , l~'~i ., ,NS'U~,ON ~- 19 .0~ SECTION AIR SPACE OR ...... ~ i~ / E-~ER OR FINISH 4 .1~ ~NSUL*~ON ~_-~ ~-- ' ...... 6 P~N 12 '] J 6-11 10/78 WALL I NG STRIPS BLOCK .' - l" BLOCK - : ,, iNSULATION "1 ",'i ";, ; ', NO INsuL. '.37 BLOCK, i' 'LOOSE-FiLL ": ', ' ,iN CORES ,NSULATI% '..'1 NO I"SU . . 8 ~ LOOSEFIEL ' , ' BLI( ,, IN ~RES; :14 .; NO INSUE, -. ' . (NOINT. FINISH) '.25, .... INT. ' ';~OQSE FILL · .' FESR ' INOAV~ . · .~4 :NO ,'NSuL ' . ' ' W~H INT. FIN ~19' , ' ' . : LOOSE FLLi~ '. CAVi~WTH - . , SU T,ON , .O ,"SUE ~ s ~N CO~ES W~TH t~ R~n~n 'INT. FINISH . '~'T' 1" RIGID' G~ ' INT, FINSR , : ' .14 ' ~ r'R;7 !NsuL ' · ' ' WITH I~. ' ~iNSU~T oN FINISH ' ,10 6-12 10/78 WALL ASSEMBLIES TABLE 6-1C Uw Selected Shall Not Exceed the Uo Determined By Section 602.2(a) For Any Wall Section. NOTE: Details shown 'are for insulation and are not complete construc- tion details. ' il~SULATION INT. FINISH V," GYPSUM BOARD APPLIED ON FURRING STRIPS ' z . SO[_ID GROUT ~O " -- ~ 'i~ IN SPACE .38 o //~ 2" SPACE W~-' LOOSE FILL ~D BRICK '--;~'~x.:~ ' BRICK O ' 4" SPACE W/ E FILL LOOSE FILL ~ ' ' R=8 .10 :~ ~ INTERIOR . '" ' ¢'?/' [/~?~ FINISH 4 o ~ ~ 6 '.09 E_ BRICK _~, -,~t -INSULATION ~~' O 4" Min. - "! 'x'~ ~j - ~ INTERIOR FINISH 4 - I .18 -: INSULATION 7 .12 ~ NORMAL WT. - ' u~ CONCRETE '.~: ~1 11 .08 ~ t" Min. '~-~ INTERIOR FINISH 4 . .17_ ~u 6 .12 ~ L~.w"r.-- : ~1 ' '. ' _ a: ' 7 .11 CONCRETE .IL z ,'] ~ INSULATION · 11 6.13 ROOF/CEILING ASSEMBLIES TABLE 6-2 Ur Selected Shall Not Exceed the Value 'Specified in 602.2(b): NOTE: Details shown are for insulation and are not complete construc. tion details. ROOF DETAILS TYPICAE INTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE 1. GYPSUM WALLBOARD 21 LATH & PLASTER CL~ OR PLY~tD.. SHT'G BEAM SE AIR' SPACE & .... -~ ~- -.-: ......... BUILTq VENTILATION -~--~--':--~ ---=~. ~-~ ,~ ~,-,.=~ DESIR~LE -7 '--/~7-t~ ....... . .... -~ ~"~-'~"" INSU~TION ... ;,/ OR ~ERS CATHED~L ~PE CEILING BUILT-UP-ROOF RIGID INSULATION - SKYLR'Es NOT EXCEEDING ONE PERCENT OF THE ROOF AREA ~:RE PERMITTED 10/78 R VALUE OF -'U, .iNSULATiON 14 .07 ;ULATION ' G FINISH 30 .03 . ..:HEDUL~ . ' JP ROOF · - ~tG 11 .08 19 .05 .~LG. FIN. "E SCH'L ' , ood dec.king 9 ':08 10 ~ '_.08 FLO O'R A S SE MBL lES TABLE 6-3 Ut Selected Shall,Not Exceed .The Uo Specified in Section 602.2(c);. FLOOR DETAILS T: R VALUE OF -, iNsULATiON INSULATION LJB-FLOOR NO INSULATION FLR. JOIST_.'_ FLRG IRDER 7 11 10,/7 SECTION 7 STANDARDS 701.0 The Standards (Std), find portions thereof, which are referred to in various parts of this Code shall bo part of the Code for E.nerqy Conservation in New Building Construction and are hereby declared to be a part of this Code. CODE STANDARD NO. TITLE AND SOURCE RS- 1 ASHRAE Handbook and Product Directory, 1977 Fundamentals Volume. RS- 2 'Standard Test Method for Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curt'ain Walls, and Doors, ANSI/ASTM E 283-73. American National Standard-Voluntary Specifications for Aluminum Prime Windows, ANSI/AAMA 302.9-1977. American National Standard-Voluntary Specifications for, Aluminum Sliding Glass Doors,-ANSI/AAMA 402.9-1977'. Industry Standard for Wood Window Units, N.W.'M.A.-1.S.2-73. Industry standard for Wood Sliding Patio Doors, N.WiMiA.-1.S.3-70. RS- 3 Natural and Mechanical Ventilation, ASHRAE Standard 62-73. RS-4 Thermal Environmental Comfort Condi- tions for Human Occupancy, ASHRAE Standard 55-74. RS- 5 Reserved 'RS- 6 American National 'Standard for House- hold Automatic Electric Storage-Type Water Heaters, ANSI C72..1-1972. 7-1 10/78 RS~.7 RS-'8 'RS-9 RS-10 National Standard for Gas Water Heaters Volume III -Circulating .s and.Large Auto~ m~ Water Heaters, ANSI~ Z21.10.3-] Reference Deleted. Reference Dele.ted. Terminal Air Conditioners, ARI Standard 310-70. RS~i'I ' ASHRAE Handbook and Product Directory, 1976 ~Systems Volume. RS-12 Energy ·Calculations I: Procedures for Determining Heating and Cooling 5oads for Computerizing. Energy CalculatiOns-- ~ Heat Transfer ASHRAE 1975~ RS-13 Energy'~Ca'lculations I'I: Procedures for Simulating the Performance of ~ and Systems for Energy Cal , 3rd Edition, ASHRAE 1975~ RS~14 Sta for Positive Displacement Re~ ant Compressors and Condensing Un.ts,~ ARI Standard 520-74. RS-15' A·SHRAE HandboOk and Product Directory, 1975 EqUiPment Volume. idential' I'nsta'llation Standards, g and Air Conditioning Systems, 2nd Edition, 1975. RS~i'7 re Duct Construction Stand- , 5th Edition-1976, 2nd~Printing, October 1977. RS-19 RS-20 ~ Duct Construction Stand- 3rd EditiOn,~ October 75~ Revision A. Fibrous GlasS. Duct Construction Stand- ards, (SMACNA), 4th Edition, 1975. (Contains Pressure Sensitive Tape Standards.) Pressure (SMACNA), 1973', or Test Methods for )eS'- 6th' ed., .ye .1. 7-2 10/78 ACCREDITED AUTHORITATIVE AGENCIES ANSI refers to the American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, N.Y., NY 10018. ARI refers to the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209. ASHRAE refers to the American Society Of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street, N.Y., NY 10017. ASTM refers~ to American Society for Test and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103~ IES refers to Illuminating Engineering Society, 345 East 47th Street, N.Y., NY 10017. NCSBCS refers to the National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards, Inc., 1970 Chain Ridge Road, McLean, VA 22101. NESCA refers to the National Environmental System Contractors Association, 1501 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209. NWMA refers tO the National Woodwork Manufacturers Association, Inc., 400 Madison Ave., Chicago, IL 60606. SMACNA refers to the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc., 8224 Old Courthouse, Tyson's Corner, Vienna, VA 22180. 7-3 10/78 SECTION 8 COOLING DESIGN DAY METHOD 801.0 Scope 801.1 General Five special classifications of buildings are listed in this Section. Buildings in these classifications may comply with this Code using the Section 8 Design Day Method.for the cooling Calculation in lieu of the cooling criteria of Section 502.3(b). Buildings that are also-heated must be constructed to comply with the heating~requirements of Section 5. Ail buildings must comply"with the requirements set forth in Sections 502.4 through 504.5. The cooling design day calculation procedure provides a methOd of exchanging energy allocations between systems for air conditioning, service water heating and lighting. 801.2 Building. Classifications Type Z1 --Residential, three or more stories. Type Z2 - Small commercial buildings less than 15,000 square feet. Type Z3 -Multi-story (three_or more) office and commercial buildings more than 15,000 square feet. Type Z4- Large department stores, merchandising malls more than 15,000 .square feet. Type Z5~- Hotels and motels. The design day method requires, that a set of calcula- tions for the building show the watt hours of energy consumed per square foot per design day. The design day selected must be August 21. Calculations are to to based on 100 percent occupancy. 802.0 Procedures 802.1 Tabular Presentation Table 8-1 shall be filled in by the designer and pre- sented to the approving authOrity as an attachment to drawings or specifications. 8-1 802.2 802.~3 10/78 It is suggested that the table be placed on the first Column A. Ten daytime hours are listed (eastern daylight savings time). To Convert to solar hours, subtract one hour. Column B. Cooling load calculations are the hourly design cooling load for~the buildi air conditioning Using criteria of rence RS-l, Chapters 25 .and~26. The design tonnage required is based on the cooling load of the.s~ecific hour, not on the manufac- turer's equipment sizing. Column~C. The totai gross input to all HVAC equipment for the buit~ing during the specified hour in kilowatt hours including auxiliary equipment items such as air handling unit motors, toiletLexhaust fans, pumps, etc. Column D. The total energy consumed by lighting during the specified, hours-inCluding ballast losses. Column E. The total gross-input energy consumed' by ser- vice water heating. Estimates of water usage are to be based on reference RS-11~ Chapter 37. ~ Column'F. Subtotals of ColUmns C,D, and E are presented in Column F. All subtotals are added to arrive at the~ grand total'for the 10 hour day. Process Loads Special loads are not covered by this section of the COde. (However, the~effects of heat and moisture created by. process loads must be included in Column B totals.') It is suggested that areas with special loads be taken 'out of the calculations for this section and be giwen consideration under one of the'other sections of this Code. Winter DeSign Shading Check If the follOwing shading conditions are not met by the bUilding design, the Section 8 method cannot be used ahd the building must comply With'Section 4, 5 or 6. Large glass heat gains on Southerly exposures during winter months must be checked as follows: 8-2 10/78 When the amount of fenestration on an individual South, Southeast or Southwest exposure is between 30 and 50 percent of the total building, fenestrations; those fenestrations shall be at least 50 percen~ shaded at 12 noon on December 21. When the amount of fenestrations on ant individual South, Southeast or SOuthwest exposure is over 50 percent of the total building fenestrations; those fenestrations shall be at least 75 percent shaded at 12 noon on December 21. Exposure located in between Southeast, South and South- west shall be calculated as the closest above mentioned exposure. 8-3 Z 0 0 t ~ 0 J~ ~0 0 U 8.4 10/78 TABLE 8-2 ENERGY BUDGETS Building Type Description Watt Hours Square Foot'Design Day Type Z1 Type Z2 Type Z3 Type Z4 Type Z5 .Residential, three or more Stories. Small commercial buildings less than 15,000 square feet. ~ulti-story (three or more stories) office and'com~, ercial buildings more than 15,000 square Eeet. than 15,000 squar,e feet. 'Hotels and motels. A. Buildings in which room units exit into enclosed, air conditioned passageways. B. Buildings in which room units exit onto open, non- cOnditioned walkways. 47 86 76 90 60 75 Design day calculations must be signed and ,sealed by a pro- fessional Architect or Engineer. 8-5 10/78 8¸- 6 '1